A tropin-reaction for the diagnostic of brucellosis

Abstract

HUDDLESON et al. (3), in 1932, described an ,,Qpsono-cytophagicreaction" which they claimed to be suitable for the laboratory-diagnostic of brucellosis. It was based on the experience that addition, of sodium-citrate in a definite amount to the whole-blood, eliminates a great deal of non-specific phagocyto~is, whereas specific opsonic action remains unchanged.This test has only been applied in practice in U.S.A. Unfortunately several investigators were unable to confirm the reliability of HUDD-LESON'S reaction, especially with regard to the specificity of its results, nor did I. acquire data, which were satisfactory enough to recommend the test for routine practice.Studying a large material I was able to establish the specificity of phagocytosis in the b.loodserum of men or animals, suffering from bruceUa-infection, after the sera had lost their complement by heating.Here upon I have based a serum test, which I called ,,tropin-reaction" the description of which first has been published in 1940 (2). In 1941 JEgSILD (4) published a similar method, depending upon the same principle, but applying a different technique. His results in brucellosis of man are claimed to be very satisfactory.The technique of the tropin-reaction, sucli as it is used by me, is the following:S e r a to be tested are inactivated by heating during 30 minutes at 56 ° C.The phagocyting 1 e u c o c y t e s may originate either from man or ,from animals~ Five ccm blood collected in glass vials conta~ing 0.2 ccm of a 20 percent solution of sodium-citrate (in physiological salt solution) are centrifugated and the sediment is washed once with

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence Factor Trehalose Dimycolate Imparts Desiccation Resistance to Model Mycobacterial Membranes

“…All the mycobacteria, including MTb, have a dense outer envelope consisting of large fatty acids whose structure confers considerable impermeability to antibiotic agents as well as, for certain pathogens, biochemical means of manipulating host immune responses (4)(5)(6). Mycobacteria also have a well-known (7)(8)(9) ability to withstand dry environments. M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, for example, can survive periods of desiccation lasting several months (10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Synthetic Trehalose Glycolipids Confer Desiccation Resistance to Supported Lipid Monolayers

“…Detailed synthesis procedures can be found in the Supporting Information. In brief, trehalose glycolipid 1 (trehalose-dipentadecanayl) was synthesized in five steps from trehalose (Scheme ). The 6 and 6′ hydroxyl groups of trehalose were selectively protected with trityl chloride to yield compound 4 .…”

“…Trehalose glycolipid 2 (trehalose-dioleyl) was also synthesized from trehalose; however, the unsaturation within the lipids required a different protecting group strategy (Scheme ). The 6 and 6′ hydroxyl groups of 3 were protected as silyl ethers using tert-butyl(chloro)diphenylsilane to afford 9 .…”

“…The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) infects one-third of the global population, and the disease kills about 2 million people annually . MTb is remarkably robust and is able, for example, to survive extended periods of desiccation. − This and other physical properties are believed to derive from the unusual structure and composition of the mycobacterial membrane. Beyond the plasma membrane, all mycobacteria have a dense outer envelope that consists of a cross-linked network of glycans and galactans outside of which sits a nonfluid, hydrophobic layer of mycolic acid.…”

Bacteriological and serological study of chronic prostatitis patients.

“…Burrows, Elliott, and Havens (1947) found agglutinins for cholera vibrios in the faeces of infected guinea-pigs. The urine of human beings and dogs with leptospiral infections were found to contain agglutinins for the infecting species (van der Hoeden, 1936).…”