A Two-Higgs-Doublet Model without Flavor-Changing Neutral Currents at Tree-Level

Lin, Chilong

doi:10.4236/jmp.2019.101004

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…If we assume the Yukawa couplings or equivalently the fermion mass matrices are also Hermitian, the pattern of mass matrices will be simplified remarkably. As shown in one of our previous articles [3], such an assumption can reduce those eighteen parameters in Eq. ( 4) down to only five.…”

Section: Reduction Of the M Pattern And Corresponding U Matricesmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In section II, a most general pattern of the fermion mass matrices M is proposed. If the M matrix were Hermitian, an interesting condition between its real and complex components [3], which always holds true for arbitrary Hermitian matrices, will be introduced to simplify its pattern. The number of independent parameters in a M matrix is thus reduced from eighteen down to only five.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

Lin

2019

Preprint

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The theoretical origin of CP violation (CPV) is a long unsolved mystery in particle physics. In this manuscript we describe a way to bring CPV into the standard model (SM) explicitly with some useful but previously unnoticed conditions. Some special patterns of the fermion mass matrix M and its corresponding unitary matrix U are thus derived and which reveal S N symmetries among or between fermion generations. Though the strength of CPV derived under such S N -symmetric circumstances does not coincide with the value given by current SM perfectly. Instead, it gives a hint to some BAU-productive circumstances in the early universe which may account for partly the discrepancy between the cosmologically observed Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and that provided by current SM. It proves that SM, with only one Higgs doublet and three fermion generations, alone is already enough to violate the CP symmetry and suggests some BAU-productive eras in our early universe.

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Section: Reduction Of the M Pattern And Corresponding U Matricesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

Lin

2019

Preprint

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“…If we assume the Yukawa couplings or equivalently the M matrices were also Hermitian, their patterns will be simplified remarkably. As shown in one of our previous investigations [15], such an assumption can reduce those eighteen parameters in Equation (4) down to only five.…”

Section: Analytically Diagonalizable M Matrices and Their U Matricesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The key factor enables us to achieve a manageable M pattern and consequently a CP-violating CKM V is Equation (6). Such a condition between the real and imaginary parts of a Hermitian matrix is always true as proved in [15] if they were diagonalized by a same U matrix. It correlates the elements in an M matrix and thus reduces the number of parameters from eighteen down to five.…”

Section: Journal Of Modern Physicsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

Lin¹

2020

JMP

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In this manuscript, we present an explicit way to describe the violation of CP symmetry in the standard model (SM) of electrweak interactions. In such a way, complex Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrices are achieved which stand for the violation of CP symmetry. At the beginning, two necessary but not sufficient conditions for yielding a complex CKM matrix are stated as criteria. Then we found an interesting condition between the real and imaginary parts of a Hermitian 3 × 3 matrix which may provide extra relations among its parameters and reduce the number of them from eighteen down to five. In previous investigations, this can be done only down to nine. With another assumption among some of those parameters, the mass-matrix pattern is further simplified so as to be diagonalized analytically and in consequence four matrices which reveal S N symmetries among or between quark generations are obtained. In some of such S N-symmetric cases, the derived CKM matrices are complex which indicate that CP symmetry is violated accordingly. Taking the Jarlskog invariant as an estimate of the CPV strength, the value predicted by this model is orders stronger than the empirical value detected experimentally. However, that happens to fill partly the gap between the cosmologically observed amount of Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and that current Standard Model of particle physics predicts. It also proves the long suspected existence of BAU-productive eras in early universe if some fermions were indistinguishable, i.e., S N-symmetric, under circumstances with extremely high temperatures.

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BAU Production in the SN-Breaking Standard Model

Lin

2023

Symmetry

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The violation of charge-parity symmetry and the baryon asymmetry of the universe are two of the most significant unresolved problems in physics. This article presents further research on the CP violation problem in the Standard Model with 32 candidate sets of the 10 “natural” parameters that exhibit the same Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa performance. These parameters are considered “natural” because they consist solely of the Yukawa couplings and the vacuum expectation value of the unique Higgs doublet in the Standard Model. Then, the problems of CP violation and the baryon asymmetry of the universe are investigated by using the Jarlskog measure of CP violation, ΔCP=J(mt2−mc2)(mt2−mu2)(mc2−mu2)(mb2−ms2)(mb2−md2)(ms2−md2)/T12, given that CP symmetry is violated following the breakdown of SN symmetries. Subsequently, numerical tests are performed in a simplified scenario where eight of the ten parameters are assumed to be fixed by two assumptions, and the remaining two parameters are allowed to vary from the S2-symmetric point (x,y)=(−1,1) to their current values in all 32 parameter sets. To estimate the enhancement of CP violation in such processes, a ratio RΔ≡ΔCP/ΔCP(0) is proposed between the running ΔCP and its current value, denoted by ΔCP(0), which is approximately 10−20. In all 32 cases, the three-dimensional plots of RΔ exhibit many regions that stick out of the RΔ=1010 plane, especially in regions very close to (x,y)=(−1,1). These results demonstrate that the SN-breaking Standard Model is already sufficient to violate CP symmetry explicitly and generate a significant amount of baryon asymmetry of the universe. Furthermore, it solves existing problems without creating new ones, at least in the scenario presented in this article.

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A Two-Higgs-Doublet Model without Flavor-Changing Neutral Currents at Tree-Level

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

An Improved Standard Model Comes with Explicit CPV and Productive of BAU

BAU Production in the SN-Breaking Standard Model

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