A Two-Step, All Solution Process for Conversion of Lead Sulfide to Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films

Improvement in Efficiency and Reproducibility for FAPbI3 Solar Cells with Rapid Crystallization

“…Generally, the perovskite film preparation methods include spin coating, drop casting, thermal evaporation, pulsed laser deposition, blade coating, spray coating, electrodeposition, etc. − Among all of these fabrication methods, the electrodeposition method is a cost-effective, large-scalable, highly reproducible, environmentally friendly, and flexible fabrication technique, which will have a place in the large-scale manufacturing process for perovskite solar cells in the future. At the same time, with the continuous in-depth study of the electrodeposition method in recent years, some exciting achievements have been obtained. − …”

“…When the second stage is changed to vapor conversion, the PbO 2 film can also be used to react with HI vapor for the conversion of PbI 2 , which was then exposed to CH 3 NH 3 I vapor for the synthesization of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film. , Lee et al used the PbO 2 film to react with the gas of 4% H 2 /Ar for the conversion of PbO, which can also be exposed to CH 3 NH 3 I vapor for the synthesization of the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film. , Besides, by immersion of the PbO 2 film into the solution of CH 3 NH 3 I/isopropanol, the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film can also be obtained directly through the reaction of PbO 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I at temperatures from −2 to 75 °C, where the as-grown CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film begins to dissolve apparently at a temperature of ∼55 °C . Katrib et al also used electrodeposited PbO 2 for converting mixed halide perovskites, and the record efficiency of the corresponding perovskite solar cells can be improved to 10% with an optimized solar cell architecture, chlorine addition, and carbon electrode. − In addition to PbO 2 , it has been reported that the electrochemical synthesis of PbI 2 , PbO, , PbS, , and metal Pb , can also provide the lead source for the synthesized perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film. By optimization of the electrochemical deposition parameters, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the electrodeposited perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 solar cells was rapidly improved from 10.19% to 15.65% .…”

Heteroepitaxy of Large-Area, Monocrystalline Lead Halide Perovskite Films on Gallium Arsenide

“…The alkaline solution helps eliminate the native oxide on GaAs and facilitate the epitaxial process to form monocrystalline PbS (Figure S2). , Subsequently, the MAPbBr 3 film is formed by the solid–gas reaction between MABr and PbS in the CVD tube at 145 °C (Figure b): Similar reactions were previously employed to form perovskite-based (MAPbI 3 ) nanocrystals or quantum dots − but have not been explored to form large-area monocrystalline perovskite films. The introduction of the PbS interlayer is advantageous in multiple aspects: (1) PbS has a face-centered cubic (FCC), rock salt structure almost perfectly lattice-matched ( a = 5.93 Å) to MAPbBr 3 , working as an ideal buffer layer between MAPbBr 3 ( a = 5.91 Å) and GaAs ( a = 5.65 Å); (2) PbS protects GaAs against detrimental reactions with halides; (3) PbS serves as a Pb source and directly reacts with MABr, reducing the CVD temperature from 350 to 145 °C.…”

Cu katkısının MAPbI3 Perovskit İnce Filmlerin Yapısal Özellikleri ve Elektriksel Özdirenç Üzerine Etkisi

“…Perez et al obtained perovskite films with various crystal sizes using the simple and cost-effective method they developed to produce MAPbI3 thin films. They demonstrated the relationship between film morphologies, grain size, and high yield by controlling the transformation parameters (Perez et al 2020). H.Choi et al's objective were to increase heterojunction hybrid solar cells' efficiency by doping cesium into MAPbI3 perovskite thin films.…”