A Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: Optimization of Pre-Treatment Step

Omar, Wan Nor Nadyaini Wan; Nordin, Nik Abdul Hadi Md; Mohamed, Mohini; Amin, N. A. S.

doi:10.3923/jas.2009.3098.3103

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It indicates that 93.11% of the factors play a vital role in the response. The model is sufficient in explaining most of the variability in the experiment results because the R 2 value is greater than 0.75 [25,59]. The value of the predicted R 2 is in reasonable agreement with the value of the adjusted R 2 since the difference is around 0.15 [25,60].…”

Section: Results and Analysis For Plackett-burman Designmentioning

confidence: 73%

Stability of micro dry wire EDM: OFAT and DOE method

Banu

Ali

Rahman

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Micro dry wire electrical discharge machining (μDWEDM) is an environmental-friendly machining process where gas is used as the dielectric fluid instead of liquid. In this process, certain modifications of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) are required during the machining operation for stable machining. In μDWEDM, the process is considered stable if the machining is continuous without any interruption due to wire breakage or wire lag. However, in the present state of the arts, stable and smooth machining process using μDWEDM remains a critical issue. Hence, the objectives of this research are to establish a stable μDWEDM process using two different experimental approaches: one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and design of experiment (DOE) method. The investigation was performed on a stainless steel (SS304) with a tungsten wire as the electrode using integrated multiprocess machine tool, DT 110 (Mikrotools Inc., Singapore). Types of dielectric fluid, dielectric fluid pressure, polarity, threshold voltage, wire tension, wire feed rate, wire speed, gap voltage, and capacitance were the controlled parameters. The machining length of the microchannels was measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JEOL JSM-5600, Japan). Analysis based on these two experimental approaches shows that stable μDWEDM process is achievable when the types of dielectric fluid, dielectric fluid pressure, polarity, threshold voltage, wire tension, wire feed rate, and wire speed remain as the fixed parameters while the capacitance and gap voltage remain as the controlled parameters.

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Section: Results and Analysis For Plackett-burman Designmentioning

confidence: 73%

Stability of micro dry wire EDM: OFAT and DOE method

Banu

Ali

Rahman

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…Hierarchical order was prioritized over P-Value in the RSM analysis to obtain a reliable final equation model (Gaitonde et al, 2017;Noordin et al, 2004;Tanaka et al, 2007). The hierarchical order prioritization in this analysis was supported by the high R-square at 87.22% compared to the advised R-square of >75% (Haaland, 1989;Omar et al, 2009). Besides, the confidence level was also already set at 95% for all intervals throughout the RSM analysis in the Analyze Response Surface Design interface in Minitab.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This value translated to 87.22% of the variability in data was accounted for in the model. It is adequate the meet the data variability which is advised at more than 75% (Haaland, 1989;Omar et al, 2009). Table 2 shows the details of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the RSM analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Yield from a Large Scale Naphtha Pyrolysis Cracking Utilizing Response Surface Methodology

Zakria¹,

Nawawi²,

Rahman³

2021

JST

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Statistical software is a robust application that has proven reliable worldwide. However, it is not normally used in the actual large scale olefin plant as it relies on the simulation software by Olefin Licensor should any issue rises. The study was conducted in a newly commissioned large scale olefin plant to see the impact of various operating variables on the ethylene yield from Short Residence Time (SRT) VII Furnace. The analysis was conducted utilizing statistical analysis, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in Minitab Software Version 18 to develop a reliable statistical model with a 95% confidence level. The historical data was taken from the Process Information Management System (PIMS) Software, PI Process Book Version 2015, and underwent both residuals and outliers removal prior to RSM analysis. 10 variables were shortlisted from the initial 15 identified variables in the studied SRT VII via Regression analysis due to RSM limitation to conduct the larger analysis in Minitab Software Version 18. The Response Optimizer tool showed that the ethylene yield from naphtha pyrolysis cracking in the studied plant could be maximized at 34.1% with control setting at 600.39 kg/ hr of Integral Burner Flow, 6.81% of Arch O2, 113.42 Barg of Steam Drum Pressure, 496.96°C of Super High Pressure (SHP) Temperature, 109.11 t/hr of SHP Boiler Feed Water (BFW) Flow, 92.78 t/hr of SHP Flow, 63.50 t/hr of Naphtha Feed Flow, and -13.38 mmHg of Draft Pressure.

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“…The determination of coefficient value (R 2 ) is 0.9374, indicating the acceptability of the model in estimating the predicted values from the experimental data. The model is adequate in explaining most of the variability in the trial results since the R 2 value is greater than 0.75 [ 42 ]. The Adjusted R 2 value (0.8643) validates the proposed model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of β-1,4-Endoxylanase Production by an Aspergillus niger Strain Growing on Wheat Straw and Application in Xylooligosaccharides Production

et al. 2021

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Plant biomass constitutes the main source of renewable carbon on the planet. Its valorization has traditionally been focused on the use of cellulose, although hemicellulose is the second most abundant group of polysaccharides on Earth. The main enzymes involved in plant biomass degradation are glycosyl hydrolases, and filamentous fungi are good producers of these enzymes. In this study, a new strain of Aspergillus niger was used for hemicellulase production under solid-state fermentation using wheat straw as single-carbon source. Physicochemical parameters for the production of an endoxylanase were optimized by using a One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach and response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum xylanase yield after RSM optimization was increased 3-fold, and 1.41- fold purification was achieved after ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography, with about 6.2% yield. The highest activity of the purified xylanase was observed at 50 °C and pH 6. The enzyme displayed high thermal and pH stability, with more than 90% residual activity between pH 3.0–9.0 and between 30–40 °C, after 24 h of incubation, with half-lives of 30 min at 50 and 60 °C. The enzyme was mostly active against wheat arabinoxylan, and its kinetic parameters were analyzed (Km = 26.06 mg·mL−1 and Vmax = 5.647 U·mg−1). Wheat straw xylan hydrolysis with the purified β-1,4 endoxylanase showed that it was able to release xylooligosaccharides, making it suitable for different applications in food technology.

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A Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil: Optimization of Pre-Treatment Step

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Stability of micro dry wire EDM: OFAT and DOE method

Stability of micro dry wire EDM: OFAT and DOE method

Ethylene Yield from a Large Scale Naphtha Pyrolysis Cracking Utilizing Response Surface Methodology

Optimization of β-1,4-Endoxylanase Production by an Aspergillus niger Strain Growing on Wheat Straw and Application in Xylooligosaccharides Production

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