A Two-Year Field Experiment for the Integrated Management of Bread and Durum Wheat Fungal Diseases and of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in the Grain in Central Italy

Balducci, E.; Tini, Francesco; Beccari, Giovanni; Ricci, Giacomo; Cerón-Bustamante, Minely; Orfei, Maurizio; Guiducci, Marcello; Covarelli, Lorenzo

doi:10.3390/agronomy12040840

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In this context, we can associate the higher DON accumulation with the increased protein content in wheat seeds. The same pattern was reported by other researchers [ 65 , 66 ] in recent studies. They observed that the protein content increased in the presence of Fusarium artificial inoculation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Natural Emulsions Based on Essential Oils as Antifungal and Antimycotoxicogenic Agents on Wheat for Bakery Industry

Alexa

Bota

Şumălan

et al. 2022

Foods

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This study aimed to investigate the antifungal and antimycotoxicogenic effect of binary and tertiary mixtures of Thymus vulgaris, Origanum sativum, and Coriandrum sativum essential oils (EOs), as well as emulsions based on EO mixtures, on fungi developed on wheat grains destined for the bakery industry. The chemical composition of the EO mixtures, the physical characteristics of the emulsions, and the influence of treatments on the proximate composition of wheat seeds were also studied. The methods used included the microbiological analysis of fungi developed on wheat seeds, the ELISA technique for determining the deoxynivalenol content (DON), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect the chemical composition of the EOs, Zetasizer to analyse the particle sizes and their electric charge at the surface, and NIR analysis of the proximate composition of wheat. The chemical composition analysis revealed that thymol and o-cymene were the major components in the binary mixture of the EOs with thyme, linalool in the binary mixtures of the EOs with coriander and carvacrol, and o-cymene in the binary mixtures of the EOs with oregano. The results showed that, based on the zeta potential, the tertiary mixture ensured maximum emulsion stability, while the emulsion based on thyme and oregano was the less stable system. Regarding the antifungal and antimycotoxicogenic effect, the results showed that the highest inhibition potential on fungi was observed with the binary mixtures of the EOs based on thyme and oregano, and on deoxynivalenol (DON) when the binary emulsion based on the same EOs was applied to wheat seeds. The proximate composition of wheat seeds contaminated with DON showed an increase in protein content and mineral substances, and there were changes in the colour of the wheat seeds after treatment with the EOs. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study showed the possibility of using binary/tertiary mixtures of EOs and emulsions as healthy and environmentally friendly alternatives in the bakery industry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Natural Emulsions Based on Essential Oils as Antifungal and Antimycotoxicogenic Agents on Wheat for Bakery Industry

Alexa

Bota

Şumălan

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Similarly, Krnjaja et al (2015) found that DON levels in bread wheat kernels were significantly affected by the cultivars. Balducci et al (2022) have established the strongest positive correlation between FHB symptoms and DON levels in durum wheat during the wetter growing season. However, in our study, the relationship between F. graminearum incidence and DON level was not positively correlated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Thus, resistance to FHB also includes resistance to DON (Scala et al, 2016). The best timing for fungicide application during the flowering wheat stage has a crucial role in reducing FHB and DON contamination in conducive climatic conditions (Balducci et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination of durum wheat lines kernels with Fusarium species and deoxynivalenol

Krnjaja

Stankоvić

Obradović

et al. 2022

Zb Mat srp prir nauk

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Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in seven durum wheat lines kernel (six domestic durum lines ZP 16, ZP 34, ZP 41, ZP 74, ZP 120, ZP DSP 66, and one international durum line Cimmyt 7817) during two harvest seasons (2015-2016) has been studied. The four Fusarium species, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. verticillioides, were identified in 2015. A different structure of the Fusarium population, which in addition to F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F. verticillioides, also comprised F. poae, F. semitectum, and F. subglutinans, was identified in 2016. F. graminearum was the predominant species in the durum wheat lines kernels and the potential producer of DON. The other Fusarium spp. were isolated sporadically and with a low incidence in the kernels. The incidence of F. graminearum and DON levels were significantly affected by the wheat genotypes and studied years and these parameters were negatively correlated. The incidence of F. graminearum was significantly higher in 2015 (75.86%) than in 2016 (63.43%), while the level of DON was significantly higher in 2016 (3.636 mg kg-1) compared to 2015 (1.126 mg kg-1). Statistically, there was a significantly higher incidence of F. graminearum in ZP DSP 66 (73.00%) and ZP 120 (72.75%) durum wheat lines than in the other durum genotypes. DON level was the highest in durum wheat line ZP 120 (3.854 mg kg-1). Considering all treatments tested, the mean DON level was 2.381 mg kg-1, while the mean incidence of F. graminearum was 69.64%. ?ested durum wheat lines showed susceptibility to F. graminearum, resulting in high DON levels in kernels. The results obtained suggest the importance of using the lines with improved resistance to Fusarium head blight in the breeding programs for new durum wheat cultivars.

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“…Monastir was chosen because it is a modern durum wheat cultivar extensively cultivated around the Mediterranean basin [ 58 ] and it is reported to be a cultivar with medium susceptibility to salinity stress [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot as Biostimulant Agent to Alleviate Salt Stress in Durum Wheat: Preliminary Results from Germination Trials

Rossini,

Ruggeri,

Mzid

et al. 2024

Plants

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Soil salinization is a critical environmental problem in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an algae-based biostimulant on germination and seedling vigour of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.), under different saline conditions (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). The experiment was carried out under controlled-environment conditions. Seeds were sprayed with a solution containing a combination of fungicide and different concentrations of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot algae (0%w/v, 10%w/v, 20%w/v, and 30%w/v). All experimental units were placed in a germination cabinet. The effect of the seaweed extract (SWE) on seed germination and seedling performance under salinity stress was evaluated over a period of 8 days. Coleoptile length and biomass were found to be significantly and positively affected by the application of different SWE doses as compared to the control treatment (0% algae). As for germination traits, seeds treated with SWE showed a final germination (from 82% to 88%), under severe saline conditions, significantly higher than that observed in the control treatment (61%). Our findings indicate that the appropriate dose of biostimulant can markedly improve the germination and the seedlings vigour of durum wheat seeds under saline conditions. Additional studies will be needed to understand the mechanism of action of this biostimulant and its effectiveness in longer studies under field conditions.

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A Two-Year Field Experiment for the Integrated Management of Bread and Durum Wheat Fungal Diseases and of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in the Grain in Central Italy

Cited by 5 publications

References 68 publications

Natural Emulsions Based on Essential Oils as Antifungal and Antimycotoxicogenic Agents on Wheat for Bakery Industry

Natural Emulsions Based on Essential Oils as Antifungal and Antimycotoxicogenic Agents on Wheat for Bakery Industry

Contamination of durum wheat lines kernels with Fusarium species and deoxynivalenol

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot as Biostimulant Agent to Alleviate Salt Stress in Durum Wheat: Preliminary Results from Germination Trials

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