“…The second definition includes three aspects: students' sense of deserving a reward that is not based on academic merit, diminished sense of personal responsibility, and expectations about teachers beyond those of providing educational opportunities and instruction (Jackson, Singleton-Jackson, & Frey, 2011). Since then, other definitions have emerged (see Luckett, Trocchia, Noel, & Marlin, 2017). Taking up Singleton-Jackson et al's call for future research to further explore and define this construct, this study takes a closer look at one specific instance of AE: the request to raise one's grades.…”