2021
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1933071
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A Unique Case of Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated with a Relatively Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019

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Cited by 12 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…About half of the patients reported no systemic illness, while hypertension was noted in four cases [ 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Those who presented with pneumonia and/or respiratory failure mostly presented abnormal coagulation parameters, including D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and fibrinogen [ 18 , 21 23 ], although increased D-dimer levels were also noted in patients with mild disease [ 24 , 25 ]. Three patients had normal coagulation parameters [ 26 , 27 ]…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…About half of the patients reported no systemic illness, while hypertension was noted in four cases [ 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Those who presented with pneumonia and/or respiratory failure mostly presented abnormal coagulation parameters, including D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, and fibrinogen [ 18 , 21 23 ], although increased D-dimer levels were also noted in patients with mild disease [ 24 , 25 ]. Three patients had normal coagulation parameters [ 26 , 27 ]…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tocilizumab Acharya et al [ 21 ] 5 59/F HTN Hyperuricemia Pneumonia, ARF 10th day of ICU (Dx at OPD) CRAO (OS) D-dimer, fibrinogen, CRP, IL-1 RA, IL-6, IL-7 Unremarkable – Brain CTA, MR OCT, FP, FA HCQ, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Tocilizumab Montesel et al [ 22 ] 6 48/M Obesity, Sleep disorder Pneumonia → septic shock, dCMP, ARF, Fungemia 6th week of hosp. (24 h after apixaban change) OAO (OD) Pro-calcitonin, ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer Unremarkable – Brain MR, Orbit MR, Head and neck CT, Echo Fundoscopy HCQ, Tocilizumab, Enoxaparin to Apixaban Dumitrascu et al [ 23 ] 7 65/F None but obese Mild disease → no admission 5 weeks after COVID-19 Dx BRAO (OS) D-dimer Unremarkable – Echo Fundoscopy Favipiravir Uzun et al [ 24 ] 8 54/M None Fever, anosmia, cough → no admission 3 weeks after COVID-19 Dx CRAO (OD) D-dimer, CRP, ferritin, platelet, fibrinogen Unremarkable – Brain MR, Carotid US FP, OCT, FA HCQ, Azithromycin, Favipiravir, Enoxaparin Ucar et al [ 25 ] 9 54/M None Mild myalgia, fever …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“… Montesel et al (2020) reported the first case of central RAO (CRAO) with elevated inflammatory and procoagulant markers persisting 2.5 months after COVID-19. In addition to cases of CRAO, BRAO, and ophthalmic artery occlusion following COVID-19 ( Acharya et al, 2020 ; Dumitrascu et al, 2020 ; Uzun et al, 2021 ), there have been reports of combined presentations of CRAO and ischemic stroke ( Been Sayeed et al, 2021 ). Between 1 week and 5 months of hospitalization for COVID-19, RAO can present late thrombotic events as a complication of a severe inflammatory response with elevated D-dimer levels, increased C-reactive protein, and thrombocytopenia.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6 Abnormalities of the posterior segment have been scarcely reported as mainly retinal ischemic lesions, which range from subclinical lesions 7 and mild forms, such as small cotton exudates and microhemorrhages, 8,9 to more severe complications including paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM)acute macular neuroretinopathy syndromes [10][11][12][13][14] and central or branch retinal vascular occlusions. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] Of note, the most severe forms (retinal vascular occlusions) have been sporadically described in patients with COVID-19, mainly in those younger than 55 years without relevant comorbidities, in whom the occurrence of retinal vascular lesions of noninfectious etiology is quite unusual. 33,34 Therefore, the contribution of SARS-CoV-2 in triggering or causing retinal vascular occlusions in patients with COVID-19 seems reasonable.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%