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AIM: To evaluate the short-term effects of oral citicoline therapy on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS: Fifty-four eyes of 54 patients with POAG glaucoma included in the study. In addition to a topical hypotensive, 250-mg oral citicoline was administered to 27 patients, while 27 patients were assigned as the control group. RNFL and mGCIPL values were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1d before treatment and 3mo after the initiation of treatment. At the third month visit, citicoline treatment was discontinued and drug-free control (wash-out) measurements were obtained at the fourth month in citicoline group. RESULTS: The average RNFL thickness was significantly higher at month 3 than the baseline (P=0.038) in citicoline group. However, this improvement partially regressed after a 1-month wash-out period. No statistically significant changes in RNFL were observed in the superior, nasal, temporal and inferior quadrants at months 3 and 4 (P>0.05). The change in the average and inferior quadrant RNFL thickness in the citicoline group at 3mo was significantly greater than the control group (P=0.006 and P=0.014, respectively). There were no significant differences between the groups according to the change in mGCIPL thickness and the superior, nasal and temporal quadrant RNFL thickness (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: With oral citicoline treatment, the loss in the average RNFL is prevented in POAG patients in the short-term. Study data show that citicoline may have a significant impact on slowing glaucoma progression, which could have a potential neuroprotective effect.

To assess the reliability and quality of YouTube videos as an information source in Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) treatment. A YouTube search with the keyword “ROP treatment” was conducted. First 200 videos listed in the first 10 pages were evaluated. The upload sources, video length, days on YouTube, number of total views, likes, dislikes and comments were recorded. View ratio (VR), like ratio (LR) and video power index (VPI) were analyzed. Two ophthalmologists scored all videos using the DISCERN scoring system, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) criteria, and Global Quality Score (GQS). Seventy-three videos were included in the study. The mean VR, LR, and VPI were 4.92±10.11, 83.88±33.98, and 4.55±9.25, respectively. The main upload sources were universities/non-profit professional organizations (36.99%) and physicians (31.51%). The 18 of the 55 videos on treatment procedures contained information on all treatment procedures, 37 videos contained information about at least one of treatment options. The mean DISCERN score, JAMA score and GQS were 42.32±17.51, 2.81±1.03, and 3.12±1.48, respectively. The category of all videos according to the mean DISCERN score was “fair”. The overall quality of YouTube videos on ROP treatment was intermediate. Although one third of videos were classified as good quality, most YouTube videos provided poor quality information. Competent authorities and experts should upload carefully recorded videos with reliable and quality content on YouTube to educate and increase the awareness of parents, especially in ROP requiring treatment.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of topical preoperative nepafenac 0.1% treatment on postoperative macular edema using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after uncomplicated cataract surgery. METHODS: Ninety eyes of 90 patients without any risk factors were included in the study. The patients were assigned to three groups: group 1, treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1%; group 2, treated with topical nepafenac 0.1% in addition to prednisolone acetate (1%); and group 3, those who started receiving nepafenac 0.1% treatment 3d prior to surgery and continued the treatment postoperatively in addition to prednisolone acetate (1%). Central retinal thickness (CRT) and macular volume values were recorded using OCT at weeks 3 and 6. RESULTS: The increases in macular volume in the central 1 mm area after 3 and 6wk were significantly lower in patients who used prophylactic topical nepafenac preoperatively (group 3) compared with those in group 1 (P=0.028 and 0.008, respectively). No significant differences in the increase in macular volume and CRT were noted between groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05). In group 1, the increases in macular volume in the central 3 mm area at weeks 3 and 6 were significantly higher than that in group 2 and 3 (3rd week, P=0.004; 6th week, P=0.005). CONCLUSION: Nepafenac 0.1% treatment in addition to topical steroids after uncomplicated cataract surgery reduce the increase in macular volume in the early postoperative period.

Background/Aim: Muscle trauma, vascular injury, and compensatory vasoconstriction during strabismus surgery may cause changes in the choroidal circulation in the early postoperative period. This study aims to evaluate the effect of extraocular muscle surgery on posterior ocular parameters, including central subfield thickness (CST), average retinal thickness (ART), choroidal thickness (CT), and macular volume (MV). Methods: This prospective cohort study included 26 eyes of 26 strabismic patients who underwent single medial or lateral rectus recession surgery using a fornix-based conjunctival incision. All participants underwent detailed ophthalmologic evaluation, including axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE), uncorrected (UCVA), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Retinal and choroidal images were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). All measurements were performed preoperatively and repeated 1 week and 1 month after surgery. Results: All patients received satisfactory results in terms of deviation. None of the patients showed changes in AL, SE, UCVA, and BCVA. No significant differences were noted in CST and MV values (P=0.472 and P=0.182, respectively). Although subfoveal CT and ART showed statistically significant decreases 1 week after surgery (P=0.012 and P=0.046, respectively), no significant differences in these values were observed 1 month after surgery (P>0.05). No significant differences exist in the measurements between the preoperative, postoperative first week, and first month in nasal and temporal CT (P>0.05). Conclusion: Extraocular muscle surgery performed with the fornix-based conjunctival incision is a safe procedure for posterior ocular parameters, including CST, ART, CT, and MV.