A Unit Hydrograph Study, With Particular Reference to British Catchments.

Nash, J.E.

doi:10.1680/iicep.1960.11649

Cited by 197 publications

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“…It should then be possible to avoid the derivation of parameter values for ungauged basins from regional statistical generalizations, e.g. Nash (1960), James (1972), Natural Environment Research Council (1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology / Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant

Beven

Kirkby

1979

Hydrological Sciences Bulletin

5,659

1,232

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Abstract.A hydrological forecasting model is presented that attempts to combine the important distributed effects of channel network topology and dynamic contributing areas with the advantages of simple lumped parameter basin models. Quick response flow is predicted from a storage/contributing area relationship derived analytically from the topographic structure of a unit within a basin. Average soil water response is represented by a constant leakage infiltration store and an exponential subsurface water store. A simple non-linear routing procedure related to the link frequency distribution of the channel network completes the model and allows distinct basin sub-units, such as headwater and sideslope areas to be modelled separately. The model parameters are physically based in the sense that they may be determined directly by measurement and the model may be used at ungauged sites. Procedures for applying the model and tests with data from the Crimple Beck basin are described. Using only measured and estimated parameter values, without optimization, the model makes satisfactory predictions of basin response. The modular form of the model structure should allow application over a range of small and medium sized basins while retaining the possibility of including more complex model components when suitable data are available.Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant Résumé. On présente un modèle pour la prévision hydrologique ce qui essaie de combiner les effets significatifs de la topologie du réseau des cours et les zones d'appel dynamiques aux avantages des modèles simples de bassin à paramètres composés. L'écoulement à réponse rapide est prévu d'un rapport stockage/zone d'appel qu'on trouve pour analyse de la structure topographique d'un groupe à travers un bassin. La réponse moyenne de l'eau du sol est représentée par un emmagasinement constant d'infiltration par écoulement et un emagasinement exponentiel de l'eau souterraine. On complète le modèle en utilisant un processus simple du cheminement non linéaire ayant rapport à la répartition fréquence de connexion du réseau des cours ce qui permet de modeler séparément des sous-groupes du bassin versant bien distincts, comme par exemple les zones des cours supérieurs et des pentes latérales. Les paramètres du modèle sont à base-physique au sens qu'on peut les déterminer directement en utilisant des mesures, et on peut se servir du modèle aux explacements pas jaugés. On décrit des processus pour l'application du modèle et pour des tests aux données du bassin versant de Crimple Beck. En utilisant des valeurs mesurées et estimées des paramètres seulement, sans optimisation, le modèle donne des estimations assez bonnes de la réponse du bassin. La forme modulaire de la structure du modèle devrait faciliter l'application tout à travers une gamme des basins, petits ou de grandeur moyenne, tout en retenant la possibilité d'y incorporer des composants de modèle plus complexes quand on dispose des données convenables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology / Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant

Beven

Kirkby

1979

Hydrological Sciences Bulletin

5,659

1,232

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“…It is noted that β values less than 0.01 are seldom experienced in the field [17]. To obtain an SUH, the hydrograph parameters were related to catchment characteristics [13], [21].…”

Section: A 2pgd-based Suh Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Parameter Gamma-Based SUH Derivation

Patil¹,

Mishra²,

Sharma³

et al. 2012

IJESD

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Abstract-A simple procedure is suggested to compute direct runoff hydrograph (DRH) using an improved two-parameter gamma distribution (2PGD) based synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) and it is tested on several storm events recorded in 3 different hydrometeorological catchments. When compared, the computed hydrographs were more accurate than those due to popular Gray, SCS, and Snyder methods, because of avoidance of manual, subjective, and tiresome fitting of hydrograph through few data points for their adjustments for unit runoff volume. The improved 2PGD incorporates the available approximate, but accurate, empirical relations for estimation of β and factors governing the shape of the dimensionless unit hydrograph (UH) from the Nash parameter number of reservoirs (n). The SUH peak discharge per unit area per unit effective rainfall (q p ) and time to peak (t p ) have been derived from hydrologic and geomorphologic characteristics of the watershed, which is advantageous for field use. The objective of this paper is to propose a 2PGD-based method, test it on the data of 3 watersheds, and finally carry out a sensitivity analysis for model parameters. Model results during calibration and validation are very promising with average efficiency of each watershed exceeding 92% and 72%, respectively.

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“…An example of the direct method of the determination of conceptual flood routing model parameters was given by Kalinin & Miljukov (1958). Their conceptual flood routing model assumed a division of the total channel reach into a number of so-called characteristic reaches for which linear relations between storages and outflows are valid (see Table 1; this concept is mathematically equivalent to a cascade of identical linear reservoirs (Nash, 1960) in rainfall-runoff modelling). Under the assumption of a plane longitudinal profile of the free water surface and a unique relationship between the outflow from the reach and the stage at the mid-point of the reach, the length of the elementary channel characteristic reach, £, reads:…”

Section: Direct Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was initiated by Nash (1960) who searched for correlations between a number of physical characteristics of gauged catchments and the moments of the IUH, obtained directly from the time series of rainfall and runoff data. Another use of moment matching was due to Dooge (1973), who analytically compared moments (or cumulants) of impulse functions of hydrological (conceptual) and hydrodynamic models.…”

Section: Matching Impulse Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physically based hydrological flood routing methods

Kundzewicz

1986

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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Alternative ways of developing relationships between the parameters of conceptual hydrological flood routing models and the physics (understood as the hydrodynamic model or as the real system) have been examined. Three deterministic and two stochastic methods of synthesis of conceptual parameters were studied. The results offer aid in identification of conceptual parameters when modelling systems for which no historical time series of inflow-outflow data are available (e.g. ungauged rivers or river engineering design), Méthodes hydrologiques d'études de propagation des crues d'après des bases physiquesRESUME On a étudié plusieurs moyens d'établir des relations entre les paramètres des modèles hydrologiques conceptuels de propagations des crues et les caractéristiques physiques (compris comme modèle hydrodynamique ou comme système réel). On a analysé trois méthodes déterministes et deux méthodes stochastiques de synthèse des paramètres conceptuels. Les résultats apportent une aide appréciable dans l'identification des paramètres conceptuels lorsque l'on met en modèles des systèmes pour lesquels on ne dispose pas de séries temporelles historiques ni de données sur les apports et les fournitures (rivières non observées ou projet d'aménagement fluvial).

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A Unit Hydrograph Study, With Particular Reference to British Catchments.

Cited by 197 publications

References 0 publications

A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology / Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant

A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology / Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie du bassin versant

Two-Parameter Gamma-Based SUH Derivation

Physically based hydrological flood routing methods

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