A Universal Scheme to Convert Aromatic Molecular Monolayers into Functional Carbon Nanomembranes

Angelova, Polina; Vieker, Henning; Weber, Nils-Eike; Matei, Dan; Reimer, Oliver; Meier, Isabella; Kurasch, Simon; Biskupek, Johannes; Lorbach, Dominik; Wunderlich, Katrin; Чэн, Лонг; Terfort, Andreas; Klapper, Markus; Müllen, Kläus; Kaiser, Ute; Gölzhäuser, Armin; Turchanin, Andrey

doi:10.1021/nn402652f

Cited by 145 publications

(253 citation statements)

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“…CNMs were made by electron irradiation of aromatic self-assembled monolayers leading to a two-dimensional cross-linking and the formation of mechanically free-standing membranes. [15][16][17][18][19] Two approaches were made to mill nanopores: (i) keeping the beam at a constant position and unblanking it for a desired exposure time and (ii) exposing the sample with a predefined pattern. Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanopore fabrication and characterization by helium ion microscopy

Emmrich

Beyer

Nadzeyka

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

103

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Abstract:The Helium Ion Microscope (HIM) has the capability to image small features with a resolution down to 0.35 nm due to its highly focused gas field ionization source and its small beam-sample interaction volume. In this work, the focused helium ion beam of a HIM is utilized to create nanopores with diameters down to 1.3 nm. It will be demonstrated that nanopores can be milled into silicon nitride, carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) and graphene with well-defined aspect ratio. To image and characterize the produced nanopores, helium ion microscopy and high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy were used. The analysis of the nanopores' growth behavior, allows inferring on the profile of the helium ion beam.Nanopores in atomically thin membranes can be used for biomolecule analysis, 1 electrochemical storage, 2 as well as for the separation of gases and liquids. 3 All of these applications require a precise control of the size and shape of the nanopores. It was shown that the focused beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) is able to create nanopores in membranes of silicon nitride and graphene with diameters down to 2 nm. 4,5 Pores can be further shrunk in a TEM by areal electron impact. 6 However, the preparation of such nanopores in a TEM is time-consuming and is limited to small samples (~3 mm diameter) that fit into the microscope. Focused ion beam tools (FIB) offer more flexibility concerning the sample size and a higher milling speed. Among these FIB tools gallium liquid metal ion sources (LMIS) are widely used, allowing minimum sizes of 3 nm diameter for nanopores. 7 The development of a reliable gas field ionization source (GFIS) type allowed the construction of the helium ion microscope which surpasses the imaging and milling resolution of 9 First studies about milling with helium ions reported sample damage by amorphization and helium implantation during milling on bulk substrates. 10 The latter effect is absent on membranes, where nanopores with diameters of 2.6 nm were milled by HIM. 11 In all these reports, pores were created by single spot exposures. Here we present a different route to create small nanopores in membranes by milling circular patterns. Furthermore we are able to connect the growth of nanopores to the ion beam profile.

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confidence: 99%

Nanopore fabrication and characterization by helium ion microscopy

Emmrich

Beyer

Nadzeyka

et al. 2016

Applied Physics Letters

103

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“…34 When the SAM is exposed to electrons, the irradiation would lead to a reduction of 5%-10% in the carbon density. 21 This is associated with the presence of isolated, non-linked molecules in the SAM as a consequence of steric hindrances. After the transfer process, those nonlinked molecules are absent in CNMs as material got lost.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vibrational modes of ultrathin carbon nanomembrane mechanical resonators

Zhang

Waitz

Yang

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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We report measurements of vibrational mode shapes of mechanical resonators made from ultrathin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) with a thickness of approximately 1 nm. CNMs are prepared from electron irradiation induced cross-linking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers and the variation of membrane thickness and/or density can be achieved by varying the precursor molecule. Singleand triple-layer freestanding CNMs were made by transferring them onto Si substrates with square/ rectangular orifices. The vibration of the membrane was actuated by applying a sinusoidal voltage to a piezoelectric disk on which the sample was glued. The vibrational mode shapes were visualized with an imaging Mirau interferometer using a stroboscopic light source. Several mode shapes of a square membrane can be readily identified and their dynamic behavior can be well described by linear response theory of a membrane with negligible bending rigidity. By applying Fourier transformations to the time-dependent surface profiles, the dispersion relation of the transverse membrane waves can be obtained and its linear behavior verifies the membrane model. By comparing the dispersion relation to an analytical model, the static stress of the membranes was determined and found to be caused by the fabrication process. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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“…Also along this direction but with the possibility to further proceed towards functional carbon nano membranes (CNMs), Turchanin and co-workers recently employed targeted condensation reactions of various crosslinked polyaromatic molecules [25]. Using this technique, CNMs with a thickness between 0.…”

Section: Polymers and Larger Starting Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%