A Value-Added Synthetic Process Utilizing Mining Wastes and Industrial Byproducts for Wear-Resistant Glass Ceramics

Abstract

This study investigates an advanced synthetic process that produces wear-resistant glass ceramics from mining wastes and smelting byproducts. By mixing gold tailings, red mud, waste limestone, and ferronickel slag at a weight ratio of 25:30:15:30, glass ceramics with chemical compositions and crystalline phases similar to those of fused cast basalt were obtained. The proposed system provided a much higher compressive strength (796 MPa) than fused cast basalt (300–600 MPa); this is attributed to a high ferric-to-ferrous ratio that provides more nucleation sites. Through X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analyses, the optimal thermal treatment temperature was determined to be above 1110 K, and the nucleation and formation of distinct crystalline grains were revealed above 1173 K. The crystallization kinetics and activation energy of the glass ceramics fabricated were studied and compared with those of fused cast basalt. The Avrami parameter of the former was determined to be 2.46 ± 0.12, indicating the formation of two- and three-dimensional crystal growths with heterogeneous nucleation. The high crystallization activation energy (381.35 kJ/mol) found implied a high structural bonding. Finally, the cost of the process was compared with that of conventional fused cast basalt, and the environmental impact of the former was evaluated.

Utilization of gasification slag and petrochemical incineration fly ash for glass ceramic production

“…Karamonov et al found that an oxidizing atmosphere could lead to a decrease in n ( Karamanov et al, 2000 ). As previously mentioned, due to the presence of Fe 3+ as the main form of iron in this system, the content of Fe 2 O 3 in the formulation system was 9.3% and acted as the main nucleating agent, resulting in two-dimensional surface-dominated crystallization, which resulted in a lower Avrami parameter ( Kim and Park 2020 ).…”

Incorporation of sulphidic mining waste material in ceramic roof tiles and blocks

“…Analogously, silica-rich tailings from iron ore extraction can be incorporated for up to 40 wt% in ceramic (wall and floor) tiles (Das et al, 2000). Besides the studies on traditional ceramic roof tiles, blocks, bricks and fine ceramics, the replacement of primary raw materials by mining waste has also been investigated for glass ceramics, by using silica-rich tailings (Kim & Park, 2020;Park & Park, 2017;Cetin et al, 2015;Arancibia et al, 2013); or Mg-rich tailings (Marabini et al, 1998). Moreover, this proved to be a suitable solution to immobilise heavy metals in crystalline phases (Marabini et al, 1998).…”

Depósitos De Resíduos De Rochas Ornamentais: Composição, Dimensionamento E Possíveis Usos No Setor De Construção Civil

“…Souza et al (2010b) analisa uma mistura de 47,5% de resíduo de gnaisse (rocha metamórfica silicática) com caulim e quartzo, substituindo feldspato potássico. O trabalho de Kim & Park (2020) é o único que testa o resíduo de mármore (baixa sílica, alto carbonato de cálcio e alta perda ao fogo), mas usa junto a vários outros tipos de resíduo (rejeito da mineração de ouro, lama vermelha e rejeito de ferro níquel). Esses trabalhos apontam resultados positivos, mas é importante observar que os teores de sílica exigidos geralmente são mais altos e os de ferro mais baixos, ou seja, recomenda-se o uso de resíduos oriundos de teares de fios diamantados (ou multifios).…”