A Variety of Environmentally Persistent Chemicals, Including Some Phthalate Plasticizers, Are Weakly Estrogenic

Jobling, Susan; Reynolds, Tracey; White, Roger D.; Parker, Malcolm G.; Sumpter, John P.

doi:10.2307/3432434

Cited by 271 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Reports indicate that the plasticizer di(2-dihexyl)-pthalate has adverse effects on testicular morphology [73]. The fact that pthalates are weak oestrogens [74] may explain these effects. Alkylphenolic compounds are nonionic surfactants that are widely used in detergents, cosmetics, paints, herbicides, pesticides and other products [1, 4].…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of environmental hormones on reproduction

Danzo¹

1998

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

114

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Considerable attention has been given in the past few years to the possibility that man-made chemicals (xenobiotics) in the environment may pose a hazard to human reproductive health. The endocrine-disrupting effects of many xenobiotics can be interpreted as interference with the normal regulation of reproductive processes by steroid hormones. Evidence reviewed here indicates that xenobiotics bind to androgen and oestrogen receptors in target tissues, and to androgen-binding protein and to sex hormone-binding globulin. Although environmental chemicals have weak hormonal activity, their ability to interact with more than one steroid-sensitive pathway provides a mechanism by which their hazardous nature can be augmented. A given toxicant may be present in low concentration in the environment and, therefore, harmless. However, we are not exposed to one toxicant at a time, but, rather, to all of the xenobiotics present in the environment. Therefore, numerous potential agonists/antagonists working together through several steroid-dependent signalling pathways could prove to be hazardous to human reproductive health.

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Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of environmental hormones on reproduction

Danzo¹

1998

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

114

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“…Until now, in vivo data on the potential endocrine-disrupting properties of this chemical have not been available. In in vitro tests, nBB showed a weak binding ability to the rainbow trout liver estrogen receptor (ER) (Jobling et al 1995). However, competitive binding assays using the uteri from ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats and a yeast two-hybrid system based on the ligand-dependent interaction of nuclear hormone receptors both produced negative binding results for nBB (Blair et al 2000;Nishihara et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Also, nBB was one of the chemicals on the list of suspected endocrine disrupters published by the Japan Environment Agency. With regard to the possible endocrine-disrupting properties of nBB, direct binding measurements of this chemical using the ®sh estrogen receptor were positive (Jobling et al 1995), whereas experiments using rat uterus receptors were negative (Blair et al 2000). However, in vivo tests, such as the Hershberger assay or the uterotrophic assay, have not yet been performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Uterotrophic and Hershberger assays for n-butylbenzene in rats

et al. 2001

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We performed the uterotrophic and Hershberger assays proposed by the OECD to investigate the estrogenic and androgenic effects of n-butylbenzene (nBB). For the uterotrophic assay, nBB was injected subcutaneously at doses of 0, 40, 200, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg to 19-day-old rats for 3 days. In some rats, ethynylestradiol (EE) was also injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.6 microg/kg after the administration of nBB. There were essentially no differences in the uterine wet or blotted weights between the control and any of the nBB-treated groups, or between the control and any of the nBB plus EE-treated groups. For the Hershberger assay, nBB was administered orally at doses of 0, 200 and 600 mg/kg to 56-day-old castrated rats for 10 days. In some rats, 0.4 mg/kg testosterone propionate (TP) was also administered by subcutaneous injection after the administration of nBB. Doses of 0, 200 and 600 mg/kg nBB were also administered orally to non-castrated rats. The weights of the accessory sex organs of the castrated rats showed no significant differences between the control and any of the nBB-treated groups or between the control and the nBB plus TP-treated groups. No significant differences in the weights of the accessory sex organs of the non-castrated rats were observed between the control and the nBB-treated groups. These findings suggest that nBB does not have any endocrine-disrupting properties on in vivo screening tests.

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“…1, responses for PAH varied, with hydroxyl compounds exhibiting strong binding [11]; other data were taken from Refs. [9,12,13,14]. The range of ligand-binding assays available, and the lack of recognised standard procedures for reporting data make inter-comparison difficult and data in Fig.…”

Section: Ligand-binding Assaysmentioning

confidence: 96%

In-vitro assays for determination of oestrogenic activity

Scrimshaw

Lester

2004

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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At present, in-vitro bioassays are predominantly being seen as tools to identify, through screening programs, whether or not individual chemical compounds have an effect on the endocrine system. However, as the techniques mature, they are likely to find use in the future in monitoring of discharges to the environment for any biological effect and will compliment the range of chemical and biological techniques also available for monitoring environmental quality. Such an approach has already been utilised by a number of workers to fractionate mixtures (e.g. final effluents from STW), to isolate the oestrogenically active components and subsequently identify the compounds which are active. This paper reviews the present state of in-vitro techniques for determination of oestrogenic activity and discusses present approaches to their use in environmental monitoring in conjunction with chemical analyses in toxicity identification and evaluation.

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A Variety of Environmentally Persistent Chemicals, Including Some Phthalate Plasticizers, Are Weakly Estrogenic

Cited by 271 publications

References 16 publications

The effects of environmental hormones on reproduction

The effects of environmental hormones on reproduction

Uterotrophic and Hershberger assays for n-butylbenzene in rats

In-vitro assays for determination of oestrogenic activity

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