A Versatile Electronic Tongue Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging and Cross-Reactive Sensor Arrays—A Mini-Review

Abstract

Nowadays, there is a strong demand for the development of new analytical devices with novel performances to improve the quality of our daily lives. In this context, multisensor systems such as electronic tongues (eTs) have emerged as promising alternatives. Recently, we have developed a new versatile eT system by coupling surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) with cross-reactive sensor arrays. In order to largely simplify the preparation of sensing materials with a great diversity, an innovative combinatorial approach was proposed by combining and mixing a small number of easily accessible molecules displaying different physicochemical properties. The obtained eT was able to generate 2D continuous evolution profile (CEP) and 3D continuous evolution landscape (CEL), which is also called 3D image, with valuable kinetic information, for the discrimination and classification of samples. Here, diverse applications of such a versatile eT have been summarized. It is not only effective for pure protein analysis, capable of differentiating protein isoforms such as chemokines CXCL12α and CXCL12γ, but can also be generalized for the analysis of complex mixtures, such as milk samples, with promising potential for monitoring the deterioration of milk.

Development of an optoelectronic nose based on surface plasmon resonance imaging with peptide and hairpin DNA for sensing volatile organic compounds

“…For this, herein, both peptides and hpDNA will be used as sensing materials on the same chip for the development of an optoelectronic nose employing surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) as its transduction system. SPRi has been largely used for the development of biochips for monitoring biomolecular binding events [18][19][20] as well as the development of electronic tongues for the analysis of proteins [22] and complex mixtures in liquid [23] [24] [25]. Recently, we have demonstrated its efficiency for the development of olfactory biosensors using OBPs [26].…”

Electronic Tongue—A Tool for All Tastes?

“…This, seemingly simple sensor matrix successfully discriminated different milk samples (UHT pasteurized cow milk, unpasteurized cow milk, soy milk, soy milk with chocolate and rice milk) and SPR provided additional information about the adsorption and desorption kinetics of the studied compounds. Continuous evaluation of the data allowed automatic exclusion of abnormal signals from defective sensors [ 96 ].…”

L’optique pour la sécurité sanitaire des aliments

“…Ces biocapteurs associent généralement plusieurs récepteurs afin de déterminer un profil et ainsi identifier précisément une odeur, un goût, une composition. C'est par exemple le cas de la société Aryballe Technologies qui a développé un nez artificiel basé sur la SPR capable de reconnaitre différentes odeurs [4]. Ces capteurs ont l'avantage de pouvoir fonctionner en ligne en continu et, bien qu'ils soient destinés aux particuliers, ils pourraient être utilisés pour du contrôle industriel.…”