A versatile salt evaporation reactor system for SOFC operando studies on anode contamination and degradation with impedance spectroscopy

Nurk, Gunnar; Holtappels, Peter; Figi, Renato; Wochele, J.; Wellinger, Marco; Braun, Artur; Graule, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.023

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A typical SOFC fuel electrode material that displays outstanding catalytic performance in hydrogen is Ni-cermet. − However, this electrode is not very stable and attractive in hydrocarbon fuels because of its quick carbon deposition at operating temperatures and the necessity for a high water concentration in the fuel stream to suppress the carbon deposition (which leads to decrease of the SOFC power characteristics). − Additionally, Ni-based fuel electrodes are very sensitive against impurities like H 2 S in natural gas and HCl, as well as KCl in syngas, ,,− and tend to re-oxidize at higher cell loads. A large number of studies has been devoted to diminishing these drawbacks by exploring new materials to replace the Ni-cermet fuel electrode. ,, One attractive branch of novel electrode materials is perovskite-type complex oxides (ABO 3 ) with mixed ionic–electronic conductivity (MIEC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of La_0.2Sr_0.7–xCa_xTi_0.95Fe_0.05O_3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Paydar

Kooser

Möller

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Development of active ceramic hydrogen electrodes with high stability is an important challenge for developing solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Herein, a set of cubic perovskite-type La/Ca/Fe-doped strontium titanates, La 0.2 Sr 0.7−x Ca x Ti 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 3-δ (LSCTF), was synthesized. Their crystallographic and electrical properties, catalytic activity, and stability, as well as performance as fuel electrodes in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) have been evaluated. It was confirmed by the results that the LSCTF behave like semiconductors, and the conductivity, catalytic activity, and stability of the electrodes significantly depend on the Ca concentration in the A-site. In the case of an optimal composition of the La 0.2 Sr 0.35 Ca 0.35 Ti 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 3−δ fuel electrode, a polarization resistance value of 0.21 Ω cm 2 at 850 °C in a humidified (1.7% H 2 O) H 2 atmosphere was obtained. During the stability test, the fuel cell with the 50 wt % La 0.2 Sr 0.35 Ca 0.35 Ti 0.95 Fe 0.05 O 3−δ + 50 wt % Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2−δ anode showed a power density of 322 mW cm −2 at 850 °C in a 98.3% H 2 + 1.7% H 2 O atmosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of La_0.2Sr_0.7–xCa_xTi_0.95Fe_0.05O_3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Paydar

Kooser

Möller

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…For example, alkalis have been reported to cause performance losses and cell degradation in solid oxide fuel cells because of corrosion of the anode and poisoning of the nickel catalyst. 11,12 Besides toxic heavy metals, which are of mainly ecological relevance, alkali metals occur at elevated trace concentrations in biomass and waste materials, especially in herbaceous biomass, such as straw or grass. The distribution of alkalis between different compounds and phases shows a strong variation between different feestocks.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-temperature agglomeration, caking, fouling, and corrosion can shorten the service life of boilers and entire facilities or lead to severe damage of high-cost downstream components, − such as catalysts, fuel cells, or turbines. For example, alkalis have been reported to cause performance losses and cell degradation in solid oxide fuel cells because of corrosion of the anode and poisoning of the nickel catalyst. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Online Analysis of Alkalis in Thermal Process Gases with a Novel Surface Ionization Detector

et al. 2011

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When using biomass or waste as a feedstock for power production, alkalis are a major concern because of their negative effects on equipment. To investigate the release behavior of alkalis and the effectiveness of countermeasures, it is indispensable to quantify alkali emissions with a high time resolution (less than 1 min). This paper presents a newly developed alkali detector based on the principle of surface ionization. The detector includes a number of improvements compared to previous designs that enable a reproducible measurement of alkalis in heavily tar-and particle-laden product gases. Our redesigned alkali detector has demonstrated high sensitivity and improved characteristics for making measurements of tar-and particle-laden process gases. Using an ultrasonic nebulizer as a source for alkali aerosols, we could conduct a calibration of the alkali detector over 4 orders of magnitude. In combination with a dilution setup and a sampling lance, we could take online measurements of gasifier producer gas with a high degree of reproducibility and a high time resolution of 1 s. The measurements of product gas have proven the feasibility of using the detector for field measurements.

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In spite of that the carburization and sulfidation stability of the Ni-YSZ electrodes (if using hydrocarbons) have been improved in the recent years through maneuvering of operation conditions. , are considered to be promising alternatives to Ni-cermet anodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, the main disadvantage of Ni-YSZ anode is severe deactivation in hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon derived synthetic fuels due to the carbon formation/deposition on the Ni surfaces and sulfur poisoning from the impurities of the fuel. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In spite of that the carburization and sulfidation stability of the Ni-YSZ electrodes (if using hydrocarbons) have been improved in the recent years through maneuvering of operation conditions. 3 Anodes based on the ceramic conductors with the perovskite structure, for example La 1−x Sr x Cr 1−y Mn y O 3−δ (LSCM), La 1−x Sr x TiO 3−δ (LST), La 1−x Sr x Cr 1−y Fe y O 3−δ (LSCrF) and La 1−x Sr x VO 3−δ (LSV), are considered to be promising alternatives to Ni-cermet anodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Time Stability of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Vanadium Oxide Anode and Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide Cathode Based on Samaria Doped Ceria Electrolyte Using Electrochemical and TOF-SIMS Methods

Tamm

Möller

Nurk

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The time stability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was tested using all ceramic La 0.7 Sr 0.3 VO 3-δ -Ce 0.85 Sm 0.15 O 2-δ (SDC) perovskite material as an alternative anode and La 0.8 Sr 0.2 CoO 3−δ -SDC as a cathode. Both electrodes were prepared using infiltration method. The time stability measurements were carried out for 220 h under 0.6 V cell polarization in H 2 fuel and at working temperatures of 600 • C and 700 • C. At both temperatures, the total polarization resistance, R P , increased in time and the maximal power density values decreased nearly 7% during testing. At the working temperature of 600 • C the R P reached its constant value, 0.50 cm 2 , during the first 12 h of polarization at 0.6 V. At 700 • C noticeable increase in R P was seen within 100 h operation before the constant R P value, 0.50 cm 2 , was established. The microstructure and composition of the single cells, including the mobility of Sr within the cell components, before and after time stability measurements, were analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry method. No degradation of cell components and Sr mobility was observed after the cell preparation process and only minor mobility of elements was seen after 24 h of operation at 600 • C and 700 • C. However, noticeable Sr, V, Co and La mobility was observed after 220 h operation at 600 • C and 700 • Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are promising energy conversion systems due to their high electrical efficiency (up to 60%), fuel flexibility and environmental friendliness.1,2 Traditional materials, like Ni-YSZ anode envisaged already four decades ago, continue to dominate as the anode material for SOFC due to the issues and problems associated with the newly discovered materials for SOFC systems, for instance lower electrochemical activity, relatively small thickness of the anode, and unknown degradation and time stability.3-12 However, the main disadvantage of Ni-YSZ anode is severe deactivation in hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon derived synthetic fuels due to the carbon formation/deposition on the Ni surfaces and sulfur poisoning from the impurities of the fuel. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In spite of that the carburization and sulfidation stability of the Ni-YSZ electrodes (if using hydrocarbons) have been improved in the recent years through maneuvering of operation conditions. , are considered to be promising alternatives to Ni-cermet anodes. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]14,15,[22][23][24][25] It has been shown that because of the relatively low catalytic activity, ceramic anodes are much more tolerant toward the carbon deposition and sulfur poisoning than Ni-cermet anodes. 13,26 However, to achieve the reasonable electrochemical activity of the ceramic anodes, the additional catalytic centers, like CeO 2 and Pd, must be deposited into/onto the anode. [6][7][8][9][10]12,22,25 In spite of the active research conducted in the recent decade on the field of alternative ceramic anode materials with perovskite structure, only few studies can be found discussing the degradatio...

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A versatile salt evaporation reactor system for SOFC operando studies on anode contamination and degradation with impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization of La_0.2Sr_0.7–xCa_xTi_0.95Fe_0.05O_3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Optimization of La_0.2Sr_0.7–xCa_xTi_0.95Fe_0.05O_3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Sampling and Online Analysis of Alkalis in Thermal Process Gases with a Novel Surface Ionization Detector

Investigation of Time Stability of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Vanadium Oxide Anode and Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide Cathode Based on Samaria Doped Ceria Electrolyte Using Electrochemical and TOF-SIMS Methods

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A versatile salt evaporation reactor system for SOFC operando studies on anode contamination and degradation with impedance spectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Optimization of La0.2Sr0.7–xCaxTi0.95Fe0.05O3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Optimization of La0.2Sr0.7–xCaxTi0.95Fe0.05O3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Sampling and Online Analysis of Alkalis in Thermal Process Gases with a Novel Surface Ionization Detector

Investigation of Time Stability of Sr-Doped Lanthanum Vanadium Oxide Anode and Sr-Doped Lanthanum Cobalt Oxide Cathode Based on Samaria Doped Ceria Electrolyte Using Electrochemical and TOF-SIMS Methods

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Optimization of La_0.2Sr_0.7–xCa_xTi_0.95Fe_0.05O_3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application

Optimization of La_0.2Sr_0.7–xCa_xTi_0.95Fe_0.05O_3−δ Fuel Electrode Stoichiometry for Solid Oxide Fuel-Cell Application