A vertical facility based on raster scan configuration for the x-ray scientific calibrations of the ATHENA optics

Abstract

The ATHENA X-ray observatory is a large-class ESA approved mission, with launch scheduled in 2028. The technology of Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) was selected since 2004 as the baseline for making the X-ray Mirror Assembly. Up to 700 mirror modules to obtain a nested Wolter like optics. The maximum diameter of the shells will be 2.5 m while the focal length is 12 m. The requirements for on-axis angular resolution and effective area at 1 keV are 5 arcsec HEW and 1.4 m 2 , while the field of view will be 40 arcmin in diameter (50 % vignetting). While in this moment there an ongoing effort aiming at demonstrating the feasibility of a so large optics with so stringent scientific requirements, an important aspect to be considered regards the scientific calibrations of the X-ray optics. In this respect, the Point Spread Function and effective area have to be correctly measured and calibrated on-ground at different energies across the entire field of view, with a low vignetting. The approach considered so far foresees the use of a long (several hundreds of meters) facility to allow a full illumination with low divergence of the entire optics module (or at least of large sections of it). The implementation of similar configurations in a completely new facility to be realized in Europe (friendly called "super Panter") or the retrofitting existing facilities like the XRCF at NASA/MSFC are being considered. In both cases the costs and the programmatic risks related to the implementation of these huge facilities, with their special jigs for the alignment of the ATHENA optics, represent important aspects to be considered. Moreover, the horizontal position of the optics to be used in full illumination facilities would determine gravitational deformations, not easy to be removed with actuators or by modeling. In this talk we will discuss a completely different concept, based on the mount of the optics in vertical position and the use of a raster scan of the ATHENA optics with a small (a few cm 2 wide) highly collimated (1 arcsec or so) white beam X-ray. This system will allow us to operate a much compact system. The use of a vertical configuration will imply smaller gravitational deformations, that can be controlled with actuators able to compensate them. A proper camera system with a sufficient energy resolution will be able to grant a correct measurement of both PSF and effective area of the Mirror Assembly within the calibration requirements and in a reasonable integration time. Moreover, it may allow us also to perform end-to-end tests using the two flight focal plane instruments of ATHENA. The cost and risks for the implementation would be much lower than for the full illumination systems. The conceptual configuration and preliminary expected performance of the facility will be discussed.

The 100-m X-ray test facility at IHEP

“…: the Xray Astronomy Calibration and Testing (XACT) facility of Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica (INAF) located in Italy [12], the The Leicester Long Beam-line Test Facility (LLBTF) at the University of Leicester in UK, the X-ray facility of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) 100-m X-ray Beamline (also known as the Stray Light Test Facility, SLTF). Some other faclities such as the Beam Ex pander Testing X-ray (BEaTriX) of INAF [13] and Vertical Xray raster-scan facility (VERT-X) [14], are under construction or proposed to satisfy the future missions' requirements. All the facilities mentioned above are well introduced by Bianca Salmaso in his paper soon to be published.…”

Silicon Pore Optics

“…The need to comply with the tight verification/calibration requirements for the Athena MA is a major challenge, due to its large size. In order to ensure that the uncertainties due to the divergence of the beam are compatible with the accuracy requirements of the calibrations, the source should be positioned at a minimum distance of 300 m. Since the largest X-ray calibration facility in Europe is the MPE Panter facility with a 120 m vacuum tube [8], this requirement can only be satisfied with either the NASA X-ray & Cryogenic Facility [34] or a new concept for an X-ray facility, the VERT-X facility [50]. Both of these (Bottom) Very good agreement between the centroid of the PSF obtained with UV and X-ray illumination (X-ray curve obtained at the PANTER facility, and UV curve obtained with UV facility [61].…”

The VERT-X calibration facility: development of the most critical parts

“…VERT-X is an innovative concept, where the calibration beam is produced by a point-like source positioned in the focus of an highly performing X-ray collimator. 8 This concept has been already implemented in the BEATRIX facility 6 to test single mirror modules of the ATHENA optics. The peculiar element of the VERT-X design is the movement of the X-ray beam through a raster-scan mechanism (RS), capable of covering the whole mirror assembly.…”