A vertically integrated whole-tree biomass model

Planck, Neil R. Ver; MacFarlane, David W.

doi:10.1007/s00468-014-1123-x

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Through comparing parameters and the estimates of SABB amount, our results imply that more measurements will have better representativeness for the population. This evidence on the significant effects of sample size on biomass estimates is consistent with previous studies [13,59]. The results based on the sampling designs are also in accordance with reported analyses [8,14,21,22,39,42,43,55].…”

Section: Model Testsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indirect methods have been applied in estimating forest biomass through the amount of growing volume [11]. These indirect methods can be classified [12][13][14][15] as three conceptually different types: (i) the empirical statistical approach, (ii) the biogeochemical-mechanistic simulation approach, and (iii) the remote sensing approach. The first type is conventional.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Separating Regressions for Model Fitting to Reduce the Uncertainty in Forest Volume-Biomass Relationship

Liu

Zhou

Lei

et al. 2019

Forests

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The method of forest biomass estimation based on a relationship between the volume and biomass has been applied conventionally for estimating stand above-and below-ground biomass (SABB, t ha −1 ) from mean growing stock volume (m 3 ha −1 ). However, few studies have reported on the diagnosis of the volume-SABB equations fitted using field data. This paper addresses how to (i) check parameters of the volume-SABB equations, and (ii) reduce the bias while building these equations. In our analysis, all equations were applied based on the measurements of plots (biomass or volume per hectare) rather than individual trees. The volume-SABB equation is re-expressed by two Parametric Equations (PEs) for separating regressions. Stem biomass is an intermediate variable (parametric variable) in the PEs, of which one is established by regressing the relationship between stem biomass and volume, and the other is created by regressing the allometric relationship of stem biomass and SABB. A graphical analysis of the PEs proposes a concept of "restricted zone," which helps to diagnose parameters of the volume-SABB equations in regression analyses of field data. The sampling simulations were performed using pseudo data (artificially generated in order to test a model) for the model test. Both analyses of the regression and simulation demonstrate that the wood density impacts the parameters more than the allometric relationship does. This paper presents an applicable method for testing the field data using reasonable wood densities, restricting the error in field data processing based on limited field plots, and achieving a better understanding of the uncertainty in building those equations.cannot be conducted directly [3,4] due to restrictions like heavy load of fieldwork [5,6], non-destructive measurement requirements [7], and difficulty of belowground biomass (BGB) measurement [8][9][10]. Indirect methods have been applied in estimating forest biomass through the amount of growing volume [11]. These indirect methods can be classified [12][13][14][15] as three conceptually different types: (i) the empirical statistical approach, (ii) the biogeochemical-mechanistic simulation approach, and (iii) the remote sensing approach. The first type is conventional. It usually estimates the biomass using a biomass expansion factor (BEF) or biomass conversion and expansion factor (BCEF) [11], and biomass allometric equations [14,16]. The factors are helpful for converting the biomass conveniently, and can be improved by addressing the variation of BEFs over time [17,18]. For more accurate estimation, the volume-based biomass equations were also frequently employed based on detailed data of plots on each stratum. These allometric models are constructed based on measurements from field samples. Depending on the sample size, a number of tree-level and stand-level models have been developed for applications corresponding to different data sources. Recently, Di Cosmo et al. [16] have deeply discussed the characters, features, and uses of different...

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Section: Model Testsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating Regressions for Model Fitting to Reduce the Uncertainty in Forest Volume-Biomass Relationship

Liu

Zhou

Lei

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…STMs have long been applied to forest inventory data, because they allow for estimation of merchantable stem volume to a variable top diameter, as well as merchandizing the stem into various products (Kozak et al 1969). More recently, they have been applied to simultaneously estimate tree volume and biomass (Jordan et al 2006;Zakrzewski and Duchesne 2012;Ver Planck and MacFarlane 2015), which can allow for extension of timber volume inventories to ecological studies and provide quantitative data for understanding synergies and tradeoffs between different types of forest ecosystem services such as carbon storage versus timber production. For example, the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program of the USDA Forest Service currently links national timber stocks inventory data to the national forest carbon inventory by using a component ratio method (Domke et al 2012) that predicts both total tree and tree component biomass (e.g., branches, leaves) as ratios of a tree's merchantable main stem volume.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for capturing stem taper variation for trees of diverse morphological types

MacFarlane

Weiskittel

2016

Can. J. For. Res.

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Understanding variation in tree stem form is fundamental to both ecological and economic assessments of forest ecosystem structure and function. Stem taper models (STMs) are widely used to describe tree form, but it can be challenging to apply them to trees with stems that diverge from an idealized norm, often leading to the exclusion of many trees from stem taper studies. Here, new "whole-tree" form type classes are advanced as simple and useful groupings for capturing stem form variation of trees of diverse morphological types and tested with a large tree data set without exclusion criteria. New form type classes explained much more of main stem form variation than knowledge of tree species, while "merchantable" form types explained the most variation between trees and stands. Broad-leaved species were much more likely to have complex stem forms than needle-leaved species, but species "evergreenness" was a very weak predictor of stem form variation when tree-and stand-level form variation was accounted for. A new, generalized framework for stem taper modeling is demonstrated, using both species and merchantable form types to capture tree-level random effects. New form types and the STM approach are relatively easy to apply and should be relatively simple to integrate into any conventional forest inventory system. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of including and accounting for the diversity of observed stem forms in developing STMs.Résumé : Il est essentiel de comprendre les variations de forme de la tige des arbres tant pour l'évaluation écologique qu'économique de la structure et des fonctions des écosystèmes forestiers. Les modèles de défilement des tiges (MDT) sont largement utilisés pour décrire la forme des arbres, mais il peut être difficile de les appliquer à des arbres dont la tige diverge d'une norme idéalisée, ce qui entraîne souvent l'exclusion de nombreux arbres des études de défilement des tiges. Dans cette étude, de nouvelles classes de type de forme d'arbres entiers sont proposées, sous forme de regroupements simples et utiles pour capter les variations de la forme de la tige de divers types morphologiques, et testées sans critères d'exclusion avec un jeu de données comptant un grand nombre d'arbres. Les nouvelles classes de type de forme ont expliqué une beaucoup plus grande part de variation de la forme de la tige principale que la connaissance des espèces d'arbres, tandis que les types de formes « marchandes » ont expliqué la plupart des variations entre les arbres et les peuplements. Les espèces feuillues étaient beaucoup plus susceptibles d'avoir des formes de tige complexes que les espèces résineuses, mais le caractère sempervirent des espèces était un très mauvais prédicteur des variations de la forme de la tige, lorsqu'on tenait compte de la variation de la forme à l'échelle de l'arbre et du peuplement. Utilisant à la fois l'espèce et le type de forme marchande, un nouveau cadre généralisé permettant de capter les effets aléatoires au niveau des arbres est présenté pour la ...

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“…As currently designed, the new NBE applies an SG cutoff of 0.45 (Chojnacky et al 2014), which will often be interpreted at the species level (for mature trees) rather than at a weighted developmental condition level (i.e., by wood "juvenility"). Recent reviews and modeling efforts integrating whole trees (e.g., Pilli et al 2006, Jordan et al 2008, Ducey 2012, Ver Planck and MacFarlane 2015 have recognized differences in wood density and, hence, oven-dry biomass estimates as a function of tree developmental stage (juvenile versus mature versus old), suggesting that the applications of biomass model systems need to be more flexible. This is especially important for young planted loblolly pines at current levels of genetic improvement, which tend to have a much lower SG.…”

Section: Scaling Up: Implications Of Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Estimates of Small Diameter Planted and Natural-Origin Loblolly Pines Show Major Departures from the National Biomass Estimator Equations

2017

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As southern pine forests (both planted and naturally regenerated) are more heavily used to provide biomass for the developing energy sectors and carbon sequestration, a better understanding of models used to characterize regional biomass estimates is needed. We harvested loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) between 0.5 and 15 cm dbh from several plantations and naturally regenerated stands in southeastern Arkansas to evaluate allometric relationships based on stand origin. In this process, each pine was separated into stemwood, branches ϩ foliage, and taproot biomass components. Although the differences changed with dbh, loblolly pines from planted stands generally had greater percentages of biomass allocated to foliage ϩ branches and taproots, whereas those from natural-origin stands had greater amounts in stemwood, aboveground, and total biomass. National Biomass Estimator (NBE) high-specific gravity pine equations predicted natural-origin aboveground biomass reasonably well. However, the same NBE model underpredicted aboveground biomass for small (Ͻ5 cm) diameter planted pine and overpredicted planted pines between 7 and 15 cm dbh. When scaled to stand-level estimates, the NBE models resulted in estimates for average stand diameters of 5, 10, and 15 cm that ranged from Ϫ18.6 to 2.1% for natural stands and from Ϫ21.9 to 62.8% for planted stands.

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A vertically integrated whole-tree biomass model

Cited by 16 publications

References 20 publications

Separating Regressions for Model Fitting to Reduce the Uncertainty in Forest Volume-Biomass Relationship

Separating Regressions for Model Fitting to Reduce the Uncertainty in Forest Volume-Biomass Relationship

A new method for capturing stem taper variation for trees of diverse morphological types

Biomass Estimates of Small Diameter Planted and Natural-Origin Loblolly Pines Show Major Departures from the National Biomass Estimator Equations

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