A Vicariance Model of Caribbean Biogeography

The uplift of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and the vicariance speciation of glyptosternoid fishes (Siluriformes: Sisoridae)

“…All this information is labeled on the map, and the lines that trace the monophyly are tracks. Dispersal and vicariance explanation can be chosen for different processes [4] . The present work uses the method of Brooks [5] , BPA (Brooks Parsimonious Analysis), to analyze the biogeographical process of glyptosternoid fishes.…”

Cenozoic biogeography and evolution in direct-developing frogs of Central America (Leptodactylidae: Eleutherodactylus) as inferred from a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes

“…The vertical bar on the right indicates geological periods and epochs where Q, Quaternary and P, Pliocene. proximity between northwestern South America and Central America allowed faunal exchange between the two areas during the end of the Cretaceous and the beginning of the Paleocene (e.g., Savage, 1987, 1992;Rosen, 1975Rosen, , 1985Savage, 1982). Some paleotectonic reconstructions of the Caribbean region refer to a proto-Antilles island chain in the area now occupied by lower Central America (e.g., Burke, 1988;Pindell et al, 1988;Ross and Scotese, 1988), yet the evidence for a land connection between the two continents would have long since disappeared due to geologic processes, insomuch as ''the geography of the proto-Antilles probably has nothing to do with the geography of the existing islands [Greater Antilles]'' (Iturralde-Vinent and MacPhee, 1999).…”

Phylogeography of the neotropical sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

“…Here, we present a phylogeographical interpretation of L. longipalpis based on molecular phylogenetic analysis using mtDNA and available theories on the historical physical geography of Central and South America (Haffer, 1969;Howe, 1974;Keigwin, 1978;Haffer, 1981;Rod, 1981;Sykes et al, 1982;Stehli and Webb, 1985;Hoorn, 1994;Hoorn et al, 1995). Our interpretation of these data is based on historical vicariance biogeography and dispersal and refuge theories (Croizat, 1978;Rosen, 1976Rosen, , 1978Nelson, 1976;Berminghan et al, 1992;Higgs, 1994;Joseph et al, 1995;Lundberg et al, 1998). This analysis provides a coherent explanation of historical factors responsible for the genetic structure of extant populations.…”