A virus and its vector, pepper yellow leaf curl virus and Bemisia tabaci, two new invaders of Indonesia

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is a species of sap-sucking insect belonging to the Aleyrodidae and are commonly known as whiteflies. The species is made up of a complex of distinct genetic groups which have a strong geographic pattern to their genetic structure. Two members of this complex known as the B and Q biotypes have proven to be particularly invasive, spreading with the aid of trade in ornamental plants, well beyond their home ranges across the Mediterranean Basin, Middle East and Asia Minor. This study uses DNA microsatellites to identify another biological invasion this time involving a B. tabaci from south east Asia. We provide evidence which supports an invasion sometime between 1994 and 1999 of B. tabaci from central Thailand into the Indonesian islands of Sumatra then Java and Bali. The invasion is also associated with the invasion of pepper yellow leaf curl virus, a begomovirus transmitted by B. tabaci, which is also shown to have a probable origin in the same geographic region as the invading whitefly. The consequences of the invasion of a plant-infecting virus and its vector has been a massive increase in the scale and impact of begomoviruses in tomato and chilli production which has seen regional bans imposed on the planting of chilli, an important cash crop for many village farmers in Sumatra and Java.

Begomoviruses and Their Emerging Threats in South Korea: A Review

“…Begomoviruses are a major constraint to agricultural productivity in all tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world (De Barro et al, 2008;Morales and Anderson, 2001;Nakhla et al, 2005). Recently, they have spread into more temperate regions because of changes in agricultural practices and ecological conditions, as well as the global trade in agricultural products, which all encourage dissemination of the insect vectors .…”

STUDY OF THE USE OF MAIZE AS BARRIER CROP IN CHILI TO CONTROL Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) POPULATION (STUDI PEMANFAATAN JAGUNG SEBAGAI TANAMAN PEMBATAS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) PADA TANAMAN CABAI)

“…That is why the development of the pepper curly yellow disease incidence in dry season may be higher than in the rainy season. B. tabaci is a polifag insect so the availability of alternate hosts such as weeds will support the population and enhance the development of pepper curly yellow disease (De Barro et al, 2008). Therefore, sanitation should be done practice in planting area to reduce the vector presence.…”

Identitas genetik Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) dari daerah endemik penyakit kuning cabai di Indonesia bagian barat berdasarkan fragmen mitokondria sitokrom oksidase I (mtCOI)

“…Saat ini, biotipe Q dilaporkan sudah menyebar ke wilayah Israel, Cina, dan Jepang. De Barro et al (2008) menyimpulkan B. tabaci biotipe B dan Q merupakan biotipe invasif dan menjadi vektor efektif Geminivirus yang saat ini tersebar luas melalui perdagangan tanaman hias.…”