While using unmanned systems in combat is not new, what will be new in the foreseeable future is how such systems are used and integrated in the civilian space. The potential use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in civil and commercial applications is becoming a fact, and is receiving considerable attention by industry and the research community. The majority of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles performing civilian tasks are restricted to flying only in segregated space, and not within the National Airspace. The areas that UAVs are restricted to flying in are typically not above populated areas, which in turn are one of the areas most useful for civilian applications. The reasoning behind the current restrictions is mainly due to the fact that current UAV technologies are not able to demonstrate an Equivalent Level of Safety to manned aircraft, particularly in the case of an engine failure which would require an emergency or forced landing. This chapter will preset and guide the reader through a number of developments that would facilitate the integration of UAVs into the National Airspace. Algorithms for UAV Sense-and-Avoid and Force Landings are recognized as two major enabling technologies that will allow the integration of UAVs in the civilian airspace. The following sections will describe some of the techniques that are currently being tested at the Australian Research Centre for Aerospace Automation (ARCAA), which places emphasis on the detection of candidate landing sites using computer vision, the planning of the descent path/trajectory for the UAV, and the decision making process behind the selection of the final landing site.
IntroductionThe team at the Australian Research Centre for Aerospace Automation (ARCAA) has been researching UAV systems that aims to overcome many of the current impediments facing the widespread integration of UAVs into civillian airspace. One of these impediments that the group identified in 2003 was how to allow a UAV to perform an emergency landing.1 Dr Luis Mejias, Pillar Eng and Xi Liu are with the Queensland University of Technology 2 Dr Daniel Fitzgerald is with the ICT centre CSIRO 3 ARCAA is a joint venture between