A Voltage-Based Controller for an Electric-Vehicle Charger

Abstract

Electric vehicle (EV) integration into the distribution system has been a topic of great interest lately due to the potential challenges it poses. Previous works have focused on either centralized charge control or distributed charge control to solve these issues. In this paper, an adaptive voltage feedback controller for an onboard EV charger is proposed that, unlike other proposed methods, does not require any real-time communication between the EV and the utility. This controller compares the system voltage at the point of charging with a preset reference voltage. The EV charging is reduced as the system voltage approaches this reference. The reduced charging rate takes into account the EV battery state of charge (SOC) and the owner's end-of-charge time (ECT) preference. To validate the proposed control structure, extensive simulations are carried out on a distribution system with and without other voltage control mechanisms. The simulation results show that this method can eliminate system voltage violations that would otherwise be caused by EV charging while ensuring fairness among the various EVs even with different system configurations and EV penetration levels. The proposed controller shows a good performance in the presence of other voltage control devices and distributed generation units. Also, it can integrate with Vehicleto-Grid services as a lowest level of hierarchical control.

Optimal Charging Schedule Planning and Economic Analysis for Electric Bus Charging Stations

“…Therefore, to accommodate transportation electrification, the energy costs of charging stations and their impact on the distribution network should be well planned. The impact on power grids of charging EVs, including the use of smart charging methods to reduce energy costs and guarantee system security and integration with renewable energy, is discussed in [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. While these analytical techniques presented and reviewed [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] could be extended to include EB charging, there are presently only a few studies which discuss the planning of EB charging stations and their impact on the distribution network.…”

An Integrated Multifunctional Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Electric Vehicles Applications

“…The simulation waveforms of AC battery-charging mode with active ripple energy storage circuit are presented in Figure 18. Charging power is selected to be compatible with SAE standard J1772 level 2 charging rate [22]. The method based on one digital signal control leads the auxiliary inductor work in continuous current mode.…”

Charge Control and Operation of Electric Vehicles in Power Grids: A Review

“…The drawback of the proposed algorithm is that it needs to update the reference set points with each seasonal variation, and the upstream point charges relatively faster than the downstream one. In [68,69], a new voltage based EV chargers was proposed. The controller used local voltage as one of the inputs and the state of charge as the second input.…”

“…Energies 2018, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 20 [37] Fuzzy Control ✗ ✗ [38] Linear Programming ✗ ✓ [39] Receding Horizon Using Linear Programming ✗ ✓ Decentralized Techniques [4] Gradient Optimization ✗ ✓ [40] Fuzzy Control ✓ ✓ [41] Artificail Neural Networks-Wavelet Transform ✓ ✗ [42] Hybrid-PSO& Linear Programming ✗ ✗ [44] Linear Programming ✗ ✗ [45] Linear Programming ✗ ✓ [46] Congestion Pricing Algorithm ✓ ✓ [47] Game Theory ✗ ✗ [48] Non-Cooperative Game Theory ✗ ✗ [49] Game Theory ✗ ✗ [50] Game Theory ✗ ✗ [51] Non-Cooperative Game Theory ✗ ✗ [52] Normalized Nash Game ✗ ✗ [53] Stochastic Mean Field Game Theory ✗ ✗ [54] Additive proposed algorithm is that it needs to update the reference set points with each seasonal variation, and the upstream point charges relatively faster than the downstream one. In [68,69], a new voltage based EV chargers was proposed. The controller used local voltage as one of the inputs and the state of charge as the second input.…”