In this article I explore the mimesis of indigenous "customs and law" as a theory and strategy of colonial governance in the Portuguese colony of Timor. By looking at the judicial theories and practice of Portuguese colonial governors, judges, and officers, I propose that a mimetic form of govemmen tality emerged there in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. I pay particular attention to the role played by scientific and juridical doctrines, prag matic considerations, and imageries of human difference in its establishment as a rationale for the colonial state. As such, this essay analyzes the productive character of mimesis within colonial government activity. In anthropology and post-colonial studies, the theme of indigenous subversion of, or resistance and opposition to colonialism bears dominantly on approaches to mimicry and mimesis in colonial interactions. 1 Here I will examine alternative routes, inves tigating how mimesis could play in favor of rather than against colonial power. I delve into how, during the heyday of imperialism, European colonial rulers fleshed out a theory of mimesis of the indigenous world as a rationale of