A Wavelet Based Digital Watermarking method using Thresholds on Intermediate Bit Values

Perumal, Sivananaintha; Vijayakumar, Dr.V.

doi:10.5120/1926-2571

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other researchers used intermediate significant bit planes [4,5,7,10,17,19] to overcome the LSB drawbacks. Here, a higher bit plane is selected to embed the secret messages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Hiding Based on Improved Exploiting Modification Direction Method and Huffman Coding

Ahmad

Sulong²,

Rehman

et al. 2014

Journal of Intelligent Systems

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The rapid growth of covert activities via communications network brought about an increasing need to provide an efficient method for data hiding to protect secret information from malicious attacks. One of the options is to combine two approaches, namely steganography and compression. However, its performance heavily relies on three major factors, payload, imperceptibility, and robustness, which are always in trade-offs. Thus, this study aims to hide a large amount of secret message inside a grayscale host image without sacrificing its quality and robustness. To realize the goal, a new two-tier data hiding technique is proposed that integrates an improved exploiting modification direction (EMD) method and Huffman coding. First, a secret message of an arbitrary plain text of characters is compressed and transformed into streams of bits; each character is compressed into a maximum of 5 bits per stream. The stream is then divided into two parts of different sizes of 3 and 2 bits. Subsequently, each part is transformed into its decimal value, which serves as a secret code. Second, a cover image is partitioned into groups of 5 pixels based on the original EMD method. Then, an enhancement is introduced by dividing the group into two parts, namely k 1 and k 2 , which consist of 3 and 2 pixels, respectively. Furthermore, several groups are randomly selected for embedding purposes to increase the security. Then, for each selected group, each part is embedded with its corresponding secret code by modifying one grayscale value at most to hide the code in a (2ki + 1)-ary notational system. The process is repeated until a stego-image is eventually produced. Finally, the χ 2 test, which is considered one of the most severe attacks, is applied against the stego-image to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in terms of its robustness. The test revealed that the proposed method is more robust than both least significant bit embedding and the original EMD. Additionally, in terms of imperceptibility and capacity, the experimental results have also shown that the proposed method outperformed both the well-known methods, namely original EMD and optimized EMD, with a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 55.92 dB and payload of 52,428 bytes.

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“…Other researchers used intermediate significant bit planes [4,5,7,10,17,19] to overcome the LSB drawbacks. Here, a higher bit plane is selected to embed the secret messages.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Hiding Based on Improved Exploiting Modification Direction Method and Huffman Coding

Ahmad

Sulong²,

Rehman

et al. 2014

Journal of Intelligent Systems

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“…The PSNR is used to measure the ratio of image quality between the original host image and watermarked image. PSNR value above 30 db is considered as the perceptual fidelity value [16]. The following formulae are used to calculate the PSNR value: Where m and n denote the image size of watermarked and host images; I(i , j) represents pixel(i,j) value of host image; K(i , j) denotes pixel(i,j) value of the watermarked image; and MAX denotes the image maximum intensity, which is usually equal to 255.…”

Section: Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copyright Protection for Digital Certificate using Blind Watermarking Technique

Hasan

2018

KJAR

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This paper proposes a copyright protection system for digital certificate image using blind watermarking technique by applying discrete wavelet transform algorithm (DWT). The proposed technique utilizes three interrelated watermarks namely, Red watermark (RW), Green-watermark (GW) and Blue-watermark (BW). Firstly, RGB cover and RGB watermark image are divided for three color space R,G,B. Then the R component is chosen for embedding (RW), the B component is selected for embedding the (BW) and the G component is selected for embedding the (GW), R,G and B of the cover image are converted into the transform domain using DWT, and is subsequently decomposed into three levels viz. LH1, LL2 and LL3 sub-bands. RW, GW and BW are then embedded onto LL3. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed technique is very encouraging with average PSNR of 44 db, and NCC value of more than 0.99 for extracted watermarks after performing several types of attacks.

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“…However, ISB method is new, many studies tried to make improvement on it by using different techniques, [9] proposed an algorithm is based on changing the intermediate significant bit (ISB) of the low frequency approximation subband (LL) of the DWT domain to embed watermark into host image. Another study proposed by [10], a novel wavelet based Digital Watermarking (DW) approach with two steps. In the first step a Threshold, based on Intermediate Bit Values (TIBV) of image pixels is proposed by selecting the image pixel for inserting the watermark.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Quality for Digital Image Watermarking Based on Dual ISB

Mohammed

Yasin

Zeki

2013

2013 International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS)

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The impeccability (quality) represent as one of the most important requirements of any watermarking system of the watermarked gray scale image. In most studies, the watermarking algorithm has to embed the watermark so that this will not affect the quality of the host data. In this study, the method concentrates on the greatest quality of the watermarked image based on Dual Intermediate Significant Bit (DISB) model. The embedding process is done by using two keys k 1 and k 2 where k 2 > k 1 . The extracting process has been done after applying some types of attacks. The experimental results show that the new method improves the quality Keywords-quality; watermarking image; disb.I.

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A Wavelet Based Digital Watermarking method using Thresholds on Intermediate Bit Values

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Data Hiding Based on Improved Exploiting Modification Direction Method and Huffman Coding

Data Hiding Based on Improved Exploiting Modification Direction Method and Huffman Coding

Copyright Protection for Digital Certificate using Blind Watermarking Technique

Improvement of the Quality for Digital Image Watermarking Based on Dual ISB

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