“…Additionally, these components cannot be used directly on networks (Argent, ; Argent et al, ; Granell, Schade, & Ostländer, ; Jagers, ). (3) In the web‐service‐based modeling and simulation stage, web‐service technologies are used to publish geo‐analysis models and related data as services (Belete, Voinov, & Laniak, ; Granell et al, ; Granell, Díaz, et al, ; Hull et al, ; Jones et al, ; Wen et al, ; Yin et al, ; Zhao et al, ). Therefore, these resources can be reused to support the collaborative solving of complex geographic problems.…”