A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula

González-Fortes, Gloria; Tassi, Francesca; Trucchi, Emiliano; Henneberger, Kirstin; Paijmans, Johanna L. A.; Díez-del-Molino, David; Schroeder, Hannes; Susca, Roberta Rosa; Barroso-Ruíz, C.; Bermúdez, Francisco Javier Parra; Barroso-Medina, C.; Bettencourt, Ana M. S.; Sampaio, Hugo Aluai; Grandal-d’Anglade, Aurora; Salas, Antonio; Hermida, Arturo de Lombera; Valcarce, Ramón Fábregas; Vaquero, Manuel; Alonso, Susana Boso; Lozano, Marina; Rodrı́guez, Xosé Pedro; Fernández‐Rodríguez, Carlos; Manica, Andrea; Hofreiter, Michael; Barbujani, Guido

doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.2288

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…S3), which reinforces the possibility of pre- (Isern, Zilhão, Fort, & Ammerman, 2017). A possible contact with Middle East via a trans-Mediterranean western route through North Africa is only reported in the Neolithic, ~4,000 years before present (González-Fortes et al, 2019).…”

Section: Dog Matriline a Is Present At High Frequency In Iberia Sincementioning

confidence: 53%

The curious case of the Mesolithic Iberian dogs: An archaeogenetic study

Pires¹,

Detry²,

Chikhi³

et al. 2019

Journal of Archaeological Science

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We investigated the genetic composition of six Canis remains from western Iberia, directly radiocarbon dated to 7,903-7,570 years (cal BP). They were identified as dogs via their archaeological and depositional context, osteometry, and a high percentage of aquatic diet shared with humans. For comparison, genetic data were obtained from an additional 37 Iberian dog remains from the Neolithic to Late Antiquity, as well as two Palaeolithic and a Chalcolithic Canis identified as wolves. Previous data indicated that dog mtDNA haplogroup A (HgA) is prevalent in extant European dogs (>50%), in the Near East and Asia, but rare or absent (<10%) in European Canis older than 3,000 years (cal BP). We found a high frequency (83%) of dog HgA in Mesolithic Iberian dog remains. This is the first report of a high frequency of dog HgA in pre-Neolithic Europe. We show that, contrary to the current view, Canis with HgA did not necessarily arrive in Europe from East-Asia. This phylogeographical difference in HgA frequency demonstrates that genetic differentiation was high prior to, or as a consequence of, domestication which may be linked with pre-Neolithic local processes for Iberian wolf domestication. Our results emphasize that knowledge of both ancient wolves' and early dogs' genetic profiles from the European periphery should improve our understanding of the evolution of the European dog.

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Section: Dog Matriline a Is Present At High Frequency In Iberia Sincementioning

confidence: 53%

The curious case of the Mesolithic Iberian dogs: An archaeogenetic study

Pires¹,

Detry²,

Chikhi³

et al. 2019

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…This prehistoric canarian patrimony is more ancient than putative Phoenicians or Roman presence. In addition, genetics cannot distinguish whether many Canarian First Inhabitants were Iberians, North Africans; both of them and / or others by using autosomic genes because the heavy prehistoric genes flow between Iberia and North Africa (Arnaiz-Villena et al 1999;2002; in concordance with other authors (Currat et al 2010;Botigue et al 2013;Gonzalez-Fortes et al 2019).…”

Section: Fig 1 Map Of Canary Islands With Their Names and The Atlantmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Thus, Iberian and North African gene pool is very similar (Arnaiz -Villena et al 1999;Currat el al. 2010;Botigue et al 2013 andGonzalez-Fortes et al 2019). In this context, discussing whether Canary Islands gene pool is more similar to that of North Africa or Iberia is useless.…”

Section: Origin Of Iberian-guanche Inscriptions: Africa and Europementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iberian genes have been exchanged since prehistoric times as it is shown by using chromosome autosomical HLA genes (Arnaiz-Villena et al 1999;2002); this Iberian / North African gene flow has been also established by three other independent groups (Currat et al 2010;Botigue et al 2013;Gonzalez-fortes et al 2019). Genetic differences between western Mediterraneans and North West Africans are scanty (Arnaiz-Villena et al 2015, 2017Hajjej et al 2018) because prehistoric Atlantic Europe, North African and Canary Islands belong to a related cultural and genetic group (Arnaiz-Villena et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Latín” rock scripts in Canary Islands are ancient Iberian inscriptions (Iberian-Guanche) A story of forgotten genetics, scripts, pyramids and other prehistoric artifacts

Arnaiz‐Villena¹,

López‐Nares²,

Juárez³

et al. 2019

Int.J.Mod.Anthrop

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Latin" rock scripts were discovered 30 years ago in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Islands (Canary Islands). However, they are an incised linear writing which lacks Q, H, P and T frequent Latin letters and translation into Latin has not been possible. A transcription and a translation hypothesis was proposed long ago because scripts were almost identical to those of the Iberian semi-syllabary which was used in Iberia and France during first millennium BC; "Latin" scripts were named "Iberian-Guanche" and were mostly religious and funerary. This type of lineal incise writing is present in all seven Canary Islands and they may have been unnoticed because all other islands except Lanzarote and Fuerteventura are humid and covered by vegetation. This type of linear writings are, like Iberian, similar to Runes (Atlantic and Central Europe),Old Italian scripts (Raetian, Venetic, Lepontic, Etruscan) and Sitovo and Gradeshnistsa scripts (Bulgaria, 5 th millennium BC). Language behind Iberian-Guanche scripts might be related to both Berber and Old Basque languages. People who wrote "Iberian-Guanche" inscriptions seem to be Canary Island inhabitants and not visitors. Genes (people) of present and past Canary Islanders are difficult only to assign to North Africa because gene flow between North Africa and Iberia existed in prehistoric times and it is difficult to distinguish Iberian and North African with Canarian gene profiles. Genetics by itself is not sufficient for relating people or specific for geography, this is firmly demonstrated for mitochondrial genes. Linguistics, Culture, and Archaeology are necessary to interpret population genetics data. Extant pyramids in North Africa, Western Sahara and possibly Tenerife, existence of prehistoric artifacts and rock calendars ("Quesera"/Cheeseborad lunisolar calendar at Lanzarote and others at Gran Canaria Island) and presence of Cart-Ruts on Lanzarote volcano tops, may indicate an older date for Canarian prehistory than that of Punic/Roman presence. Finally Canarian prehistoric findings have been long neglected and forgotten but a common Iberian-Guanche rock writing culture existed in Canary Islands.

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“…To discuss the contribution of each of these migrations to the current Caribbean populations, genetics can provide powerful tools. The high phylogeographic information content of both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y‐chromosome markers has been investigated at depth in the literature, allowing the reconstruction of past demographic and evolutionary events, such as human migrations and admixture processes (Barbujani & Colonna, ; Benn Torres et al, ; González‐Fortes et al, ; Jobling, ; Underhill & Kivisild, ). Interestingly, their unique patterns of inheritance combined with their firm phylogeographical structure make it possible to deduce from mtDNA sequences and Y‐chromosome haplogroups the continental or even regional origins of maternal and paternal lineages (Jobling, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the genetic legacy in the French Caribbean islands: A study of mitochondrial and Y‐chromosome lineages in the Guadeloupe archipelago

Mendisco

Pémonge

Romon

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: The history of the Caribbean region is marked by numerous and various successive migration waves that resulted in a global blending of African, European, and Amerindian lineages. As the origin and genetic composition of the current population of French Caribbean islands has not been studied to date, we used both mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome markers to complete the characterization of the dynamics of admixture in the Guadeloupe archipelago. Materials and Methods: We sequenced the mitochondrial hypervariable regions and genotyped mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 198 individuals from five localities of the Guadeloupe archipelago.Results: The maternal haplogroups revealed a blend of 85% African lineages (mainly traced to Western, West-Central, and South-Eastern Africa), 12.5% Eurasian lineages, and 0.5% Amerindian lineages. We highlighted disequilibria between European paternal contribution (44%) and European maternal contribution (7%), pointing out an important sexual asymmetry. Finally, the estimated Native American component was strikingly low and supported the near-extinction of native lineages in the region. Discussion:We confirmed that all historically known migratory events indeed left a visible genetic imprint in the contemporary Caribbean populations. The data gathered clearly demonstrated the significant impact of the transatlantic slave trade on the Guadeloupean population's constitution. Altogether, the data in our study confirm that in the Caribbean region, human population variation is correlated with colonial and postcolonial policies and unique island histories.

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A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract: These authors contributed equally to this study.Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.

Cited by 62 publications

References 54 publications

The curious case of the Mesolithic Iberian dogs: An archaeogenetic study

The curious case of the Mesolithic Iberian dogs: An archaeogenetic study

“Latín” rock scripts in Canary Islands are ancient Iberian inscriptions (Iberian-Guanche) A story of forgotten genetics, scripts, pyramids and other prehistoric artifacts

Tracing the genetic legacy in the French Caribbean islands: A study of mitochondrial and Y‐chromosome lineages in the Guadeloupe archipelago

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