A Widely Distributed Spectral Signature of Task-Negative Electrocorticography Responses Revealed during a Visuomotor Task in the Human Cortex

Ramot, Michal; Fisch, Lior; Harel, Michal; Kipervasser, Svetlana; Andelman, Fani; Neufeld, Miri Y.; Kramer, Uri; Fried, Itzhak; Malach, Rafael

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0877-12.2012

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, enhanced cognitive control following identification of response conflict is associated with increased gamma activity (as well as gamma-theta power-phase coupling) in LPFC [36]. Furthermore, in an intracranial EEG study, increased gamma power was observed during a visuomotor task in a range of frontal and posterior brain areas previously identified as being positively involved in this task [66]. In summary, localised gamma oscillations seem to promote the activation of task-relevant processes across the brain.…”

Section: Cortical Oscillations and Sustained Attentionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The roles of cortical oscillations in sustained attention

Clayton

Yeung

Kadosh

2015

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

426

401

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Section: Cortical Oscillations and Sustained Attentionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The roles of cortical oscillations in sustained attention

Clayton

Yeung

Kadosh

2015

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

426

401

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“…One possible hypothesis is that spontaneous DMN activity is associated with both mind-wandering and stable behavior, each independently, because of separate neurophysiological processes. Increased BOLD activations are associated with local field potentials and broadband gamma-wave activity (37,38), whereas the basis of BOLD deactivations is complex and less well understood (39,40). Mind-wandering may be time-locked to DMN activation, as supported by findings indicating that autobiographical memory processes (typically engaged during mind-wandering) are associated with increased broadband gamma activity (41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous default network activity reflects behavioral variability independent of mind-wandering

Kucyi

Esterman

Riley

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

138

140

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The brain's default mode network (DMN) is highly active during wakeful rest when people are not overtly engaged with a sensory stimulus or externally oriented task. In multiple contexts, increased spontaneous DMN activity has been associated with self-reported episodes of mind-wandering, or thoughts that are unrelated to the present sensory environment. Mind-wandering characterizes much of waking life and is often associated with error-prone, variable behavior. However, increased spontaneous DMN activity has also been reliably associated with stable, rather than variable, behavior. We aimed to address this seeming contradiction and to test the hypothesis that single measures of attentional states, either based on selfreport or on behavior, are alone insufficient to account for DMN activity fluctuations. Thus, we simultaneously measured varying levels of self-reported mind-wandering, behavioral variability, and brain activity with fMRI during a unique continuous performance task optimized for detecting attentional fluctuations. We found that even though mind-wandering co-occurred with increased behavioral variability, highest DMN signal levels were best explained by intense mind-wandering combined with stable behavior simultaneously, compared with considering either single factor alone. These brainbehavior-experience relationships were highly consistent within known DMN subsystems and across DMN subregions. In contrast, such relationships were absent or in the opposite direction for other attention-relevant networks (salience, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal control networks). Our results suggest that the cognitive processes that spontaneous DMN activity specifically reflects are only partially related to mind-wandering and include also attentional state fluctuations that are not captured by self-report.daydreaming | default mode network | sustained attention | spontaneous thought | resting state T he brain's default mode network (DMN) has been described as a distributed set of regions in association cortices showing increased activity during undirected, awake "resting" states relative to a wide variety of states that commonly involve externally oriented attention (1, 2). During undirected, awake life, humans frequently engage in mind-wandering, self-generated thoughts unrelated to the immediate sensory world (3). Based on such observations, researchers have considered that increased spontaneous DMN activation could be a neurophysiological correlate of mind-wandering (4, 5).Neuroimaging studies that have incorporated self-report measures suggest a role of the DMN in spontaneous cognition. Converging evidence from tasks that elicit mind-wandering (6, 7), interindividual differences in mind-wandering tendencies (8), and intraindividual fluctuations in self-reports (9-12) suggests that DMN activity is increased during stimulus-independent, taskunrelated thought. The DMN is also engaged when subjects actively think about the past, the future, and the perspectives of other people, all of which constitute the type...

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“…Indeed a consistent finding related to DMN cortical deactivation during cognitive task performance is a transient suppression of the gamma band, which is time-locked to the onset of task performance and varies in amplitude in relation to task difficulty (21)(22)(23)(24). Conversely, gamma-band activity is elevated in human DMN structures during control conditions that include quiet wakefulness, fixating one's eyes on a target, or an eyes-closed condition.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 92%

Basal forebrain contributes to default mode network regulation

Nair

Klaassen

Arató³

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The default mode network (DMN) is a collection of cortical brain regions that is active during states of rest or quiet wakefulness in humans and other mammalian species. A pertinent characteristic of the DMN is a suppression of local field potential gamma activity during cognitive task performance as well as during engagement with external sensory stimuli. Conversely, gamma activity is elevated in the DMN during rest. Here, we document that the rat basal forebrain (BF) exhibits the same pattern of responses, namely pronounced gamma oscillations during quiet wakefulness in the home cage and suppression of this activity during active exploration of an unfamiliar environment. We show that gamma oscillations are localized to the BF and that gamma-band activity in the BF has a directional influence on a hub of the rat DMN, the anterior cingulate cortex, during DMNdominated brain states. The BF is well known as an ascending, activating, neuromodulatory system involved in wake-sleep regulation, memory formation, and regulation of sensory information processing. Our findings suggest a hitherto undocumented role of the BF as a subcortical node of the DMN, which we speculate may be important for switching between internally and externally directed brain states. We discuss potential BF projection circuits that could underlie its role in DMN regulation and highlight that certain BF nuclei may provide potential target regions for up-or down-regulation of DMN activity that might prove useful for treatment of DMN dysfunction in conditions such as epilepsy or major depressive disorder.gamma suppression | anterior cingulate cortex | granger causality A highly consistent finding across a wide range of functional imaging studies in humans is that a network of brain regions, referred to as the "default mode network" (DMN), increases its activity during passive mental states compared with the performance of cognitive tasks. This was initially shown in a metaanalysis of several PET studies (1), in which a distribution of brain regions broadly including the medial prefrontal, retrosplenial, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), as well as lateral parietal and temporal cortices, was shown to be activated when subjects were in a state of quiet restfulness. The DMN areas are thought to form a cohesive set of intrinsically coupled brain regions, such that fMRI activations in its component regions exhibit similar time courses, allowing them to be identified reliably using seed-region analysis (2-4). Activity in the DMN exhibits anticorrelation with a complementary, largely nonoverlapping, set of fronto-parietal brain areas known as the "dorsal attention network" (DAN) (5). It should be noted, however, that particular brain structures may harbor functionally heterogeneous elements and thus may contribute to multiple functions, as was shown for the ACC (6). During wakefulness, the human brain thus alternates between DAN-and DMN-dominated activation states, corresponding to effortful cognitive task performance on the one hand and quiet restful...

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A Widely Distributed Spectral Signature of Task-Negative Electrocorticography Responses Revealed during a Visuomotor Task in the Human Cortex

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

The roles of cortical oscillations in sustained attention

The roles of cortical oscillations in sustained attention

Spontaneous default network activity reflects behavioral variability independent of mind-wandering

Basal forebrain contributes to default mode network regulation

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