A Woolly Monkey Rediscovered in Peru

Mittermeier, Russell A.; Ruiz, Hernando de Macedo; Luscombe, A.P.

doi:10.1017/s0030605300012990

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some sites I visited were those listed in previous studies (DeLuycker 2007;Graves and O'Neill 1980;Leo Luna, 1980, 1989Mittermeier et al 1975;Parker and Barkley 1981) as areas of this species' occurrence. I also surveyed other areas based on habitat, climatic requirements, and when shown as possible habitat in previous GIS analysis based on extant forest and proximity away from anthropogenic habitat disturbance (Buckingham and Shanee 2009).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oreonax flavicauda was thought extinct until its rediscovery in the mid-1970s (Mittermeier et al 1975). Since then, few studies have been conducted because of the rarity of the species and the physical and sociopolitical difficulties of working in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oreonax flavicauda has also been recorded in border areas of the neighbouring departments of Huánuco and La Libertad (Graves and O'Neill 1980;Parker and Barkley 1981). The first predictive distribution map for this species (Mittermeier et al 1975) included many areas of lowland Amazonian rain forest outside of its historical distribution (Leo Luna 1980;Shanee et al 2008). Later maps were more detailed, using stricter parameters and more field data; however, few sites were actually surveyed (Leo Luna 1980, 1989, and maps generally included only elevation and predictions of extant forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution Survey and Threat Assessment of the Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Oreonax flavicauda; Humboldt 1812), Northeastern Peru

Shanee¹

2011

Int J Primatol

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Peruvian yellow-tailed woolly monkeys (Oreonax flavicauda) are considered Critically Endangered (IUCN Categories A4c). The International Primatological Society also considers them one of the world's 25 most endangered primate species and therefore a conservation priority. However, there is little concerted conservation action, and the existing protected area network may be inadequate to protect this species from extinction. Until recently this species has been the focus of few studies and its distributional limits remain unknown. I present results of a range-wide survey of Oreonax flavicauda in northeastern Peru. I conducted 53 presence/absence field surveys at 43 sites between March 2007 and March 2010, with data collected for an additional 7 sites from other researchers. I chose sites where the species was previously reported or following suggestions from predictive GIS modeling. Oreonax flavicauda was present at 35 sites, all presence records were in Ficus spp.-dominated cloud forests between 1500 and 2650 m above sea level. I give the geographical limits of this species distribution throughout the north, east, and west of its range; the exact extent of its range to the south requires further investigation. Oreonax flavicauda continues to be threatened throughout its range. The major threats I identified at the survey locations were the continued conversion of forests to cattle pasture, opening of new access routes into virgin areas, and both commercial and subsistence hunting. My results suggest that existing conservation measures may be inadequate at protecting this species but that substantial opportunities do exist. Further surveys need to be made in the southern distribution of this species to determine more accurately extant habitat.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution Survey and Threat Assessment of the Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Oreonax flavicauda; Humboldt 1812), Northeastern Peru

Shanee¹

2011

Int J Primatol

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“…This species is endemic to a small area of pre-montane and montane Andean cloud forest in the Peruvian departments of Amazonas and San Martin (Shanee 2011) as well as border areas of the neighbouring departments of Huánuco, La Libertad and Loreto (Shanee 2011;Graves and O'Neil 1980;Parker and Barkley 1981;Mittermeier et al 1975). L. flavicauda habitat is characterized by rugged terrain of steep mountains, high ridges and deep river valleys (Shanee 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thought extinct until the mid-1970s (Mittermeier et al 1975), L. flavicauda was 'rediscovered' in the department of Amazonas (Mittermeier et al 1975;MacedoRuiz and Mittermeier 1979); following this, more localities and basic ecological data were published (Graves and O'Neil 1980;Parker and Barkley 1981;Leo Luna 1980;Butchart et al 1995) along with many conservation recommendations (DeLuycker 2007;Leo Luna 1980;Rios and Ponce del Prado 1983;Shanee et al 2007). Leo-Luna (1980, 1984, 1987 carried out the first field studies on this species collecting valuable data on the species distribution, conservation, habitat preferences and diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranging Behaviour, Daily Path Lengths, Diet and Habitat Use of Yellow-Tailed Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix flavicauda) at La Esperanza, Peru

Shanee¹

2014

The Woolly Monkey

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The yellow-tailed woolly monkey ( Lagothrix flavicauda) is Critically Endangered and endemic to a small area of the Andean forest in northern Peru. I collected data on the home ranges, daily path lengths, diet and habitat use of two groups of L. flavicauda. Group follows took place at La Esperanza, Amazonas department, for 15 months between October 2009 and February 2011. The study site comprised a matrix of disturbed primary and regenerating secondary cloud forest. Home ranges were between 95 and 147 ha using 95 % minimum convex polygons, and home range overlap between the two groups was 1.6 ha. The range used by both groups varied between the wet and dry seasons. Daily path lengths were between 1.03 and 1.2 km. Fruit was the most commonly consumed dietary item followed by leaves and insects; a total of 16 plant resources were identified. There was a significant increase in consumption of leaves and insects during the dry seasons. Both groups used a variety of habitats but were only occasionally observed to use areas of white-sand forest. Home range and daily path length estimates are similar to results from studies of other woolly monkeys ( Lagothrix spp.), although home ranges were among the smallest recorded for woolly monkeys. L. flavicauda at La Esperanza are less frugivorous than Lagothrix spp., and the estimates here are lower than those from the previous preliminary work at this site. My results suggest that L. flavicauda are able to survive in disturbed habitat with small home ranges and at high group densities. More research is urgently needed at other sites with different ecological conditions to enable proper conservation planning and actions.

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Expanded distribution and predicted suitable habitat for the critically endangered yellow‐tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) in Perú

Zarate

Shanee

Charpentier³

et al. 2023

American J Primatol

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The Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot holds a remarkable number of species at risk of extinction due to anthropogenic habitat loss, hunting, and climate change.One of these species, the critically endangered yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), was recently observed in the region Junín, 206 km south of its previously known distribution. This range extension, combined with continued habitat loss, calls for a reevaluation of the species distribution, and available suitable habitat. Here, we present novel data from surveys at 53 sites in the regions of Junín, Cerro de Pasco, Ayacucho, and Cusco. We encountered L. flavicauda at 9 sites, all in Junín, and the congeneric Lagothrix lagotricha tschudii at 20 sites, but never in sympatry. Using these new localities along with all previous geographic localities for the species, we made predictive species distribution models based on ecological niche modeling using a generalized linear model and maximum entropy. Each model incorporated bioclimatic variables, forest cover, vegetation measurements, and elevation as predictor variables. The model evaluation showed >80% accuracy for all measures. Precipitation was the strongest predictor of species presence. Habitat suitability maps illustrate potential corridors for gene flow between the southern and northern populations, although much of this area is inhabited by L. l. tschudii whereas L. flavicauda has yet to be officially confirmed in these areas, by these or any other scientific surveys. An analysis of the current protected area (PA) network showed that ~75% of remaining suitable habitat is unprotected. With this, we suggest priority areas for new PAs or expansions to existing reserves that would conserve potential corridors between L. flavicauda populations. Further surveys and characterization of the distribution in intermediate areas, combined with studies on gene flow through these areas, are still needed to protect this species.

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A Woolly Monkey Rediscovered in Peru

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Distribution Survey and Threat Assessment of the Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Oreonax flavicauda; Humboldt 1812), Northeastern Peru

Distribution Survey and Threat Assessment of the Yellow-tailed Woolly Monkey (Oreonax flavicauda; Humboldt 1812), Northeastern Peru

Ranging Behaviour, Daily Path Lengths, Diet and Habitat Use of Yellow-Tailed Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix flavicauda) at La Esperanza, Peru

Expanded distribution and predicted suitable habitat for the critically endangered yellow‐tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) in Perú

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