A word expressing affective pain activates the anterior cingulate cortex in the human brain: an fMRI study

Osaka, Naoyuki; Osaka, Mariko; Morishita, Masanao; Kondo, Hiroyo; Fukuyama, Hidenao

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2003.11.013

Cited by 110 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These findings are compatible with previous neuroimaging studies on pain perception, whether it is actually experienced (Morrison et al, 2004;Rainville, Duncan, Price, Carrier, & Bushnell, 1997;Singer et al, 2004), visually perceived (Botvinick et al, 2005;Jackson et al, 2005;Morrison et al, 2004), inferred (Singer et al, 2004), or even conveyed by words (Osaka, Osaka, Morishita, Kondo, & Fukuyama, 2004). Furthermore, the fact that we obtained similar findings with imagined pain is compatible with the general assumption of the simulation theory.…”

Section: General Discussion and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain

et al. 2006

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Perspective-taking is a stepping stone to human empathy. When empathizing with another individual, one can imagine how the other perceives the situation and feels as a result. To what extent does imagining the other differs from imagining oneself in similar painful situations? In this functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, participants were shown pictures of people with their hands or feet in painful or non-painful situations and instructed to imagine and rate the level of pain perceived from different perspectives. Both the Self's and the Other's perspectives were associated with activation in the neural network involved in pain processing, including the parietal operculum, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA32) and anterior insula. However, the Self-perspective yielded higher pain ratings and involved the pain matrix more extensively in the secondary somatosensory cortex, the ACC (BA 24a /24b ), and the insula proper. Adopting the perspective of the Other was associated with specific increase in the posterior cingulate/precuneus and the right temporo-parietal junction. These results show the similarities between Self-and Other-pain representation, but most interestingly they also highlight some distinctiveness between these two representations, which is a crucial aspect of human empathy. It may be what allows us to distinguish empathic responses to others versus our own personal distress. These findings are consistent with the view that empathy does not involve a complete Self-Other merging.

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Section: General Discussion and Conclusionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain

et al. 2006

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“…Recent studies have suggested that the anterior cingulate region plays a role in attentional selection, conflict, distress, and error monitoring (Luks et al, 2002;Rainville, 2002;Osaka et al, 2004;Ridderinkhof et al, 2004). Thus, this region might be involved in monitoring processes of coping with withdrawal discomfort while remaining engaged in meeting task demands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Brain Activity Correlates of Nicotine Dependence

Rose

Behm

Salley

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Fifteen smokers participated in a study investigating brain correlates of nicotine dependence. Dependence was reduced by having subjects switch to denicotinized cigarettes for 2 weeks while wearing nicotine skin patches. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans assessed regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglc) after overnight nicotine abstinence on three occasions: (1) at baseline; (2) after 2 weeks of exposure to denicotinized cigarettes + nicotine patches; and (3) 2 weeks after returning to smoking the usual brands of cigarettes. Craving for cigarettes and scores on the Fagerströ m Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire decreased at the second session relative to the first and last sessions. Regional brain metabolic activity (normalized to whole brain values) at session 2 also showed a significant decrease in the right hemisphere anterior cingulate cortex. Exploratory post hoc analyses showed that the change in craving across sessions was negatively correlated with the change in rCMRglc in several structures within the brain reward system, including the ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex and pons. The between-session difference in thalamus activity (right hemisphere) was positively correlated with the difference in FTND scores. Correlational analyses also revealed that reported smoking for calming effects was associated with a decrease (at session 2) in thalamus activity (bilaterally) and with an increase in amygdala activity (left hemisphere). Reported smoking to enhance pleasurable relaxation was associated with an increase in metabolic activity of the dorsal striatum (caudate, putamen) at session 2. These findings suggest that reversible changes in regional brain metabolic activity occur in conjunction with alterations in nicotine dependence. The results also highlight the likely role of thalamic gating processes as well as striatal reward and corticolimbic regulatory pathways in the maintenance of cigarette addiction.

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“…Using onomatopoeia to express pain symptoms enables more simple and direct expression than typical language use, such as adjective use, would allow [9]. Speaking just one onomatopoetic word, for example, can represent the quantity (level/intensity) of pain such as "strong-weak" as well as the quality of the pain (location/depth), which would otherwise be represented by various adjectives such as "sharp-dull," "long-short," "broad-narrow," and "deep-shallow," in a simple and simultaneous manner [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Speaking just one onomatopoetic word, for example, can represent the quantity (level/intensity) of pain such as "strong-weak" as well as the quality of the pain (location/depth), which would otherwise be represented by various adjectives such as "sharp-dull," "long-short," "broad-narrow," and "deep-shallow," in a simple and simultaneous manner [9]. A pain clinician reported that doctors should beware of not only pain intensity but also pain quality [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing a System which Proposes Metaphors Corresponding to the Onomatopoeia Expressing Medical Conditions

Doizaki

Matsuda

Utsumi

et al. 2016

IJAE

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Smooth communication between doctors and patients during medical interviews is regarded as a very significant part of successful medical practice. To improve the quality of medical interviews, it is important that doctors correctly grasp the pain symptoms and medical conditions of their patients. However, it is often difficult for doctors to measure the quality of pain symptoms based solely on the verbal expressions patients use because pain is a highly subjective experience. In medical interviews, Japanese patients frequently use onomatopoeia such as "kiri-kiri" or "gaN-gaN" to express their pain symptoms and medical conditions. Doctors try to grasp patients' conditions by using metaphors corresponding to the onomatopoeia being expressed. In our study, therefore, we focused on the relationship between onomatopoeia and metaphors, and developed a system which automatically proposes metaphors corresponding to the onomatopoeia inputted by users. Our system is expected to add support to medical practice interviews.

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A word expressing affective pain activates the anterior cingulate cortex in the human brain: an fMRI study

Cited by 110 publications

References 14 publications

Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain

Empathy examined through the neural mechanisms involved in imagining how I feel versus how you feel pain

Regional Brain Activity Correlates of Nicotine Dependence

Constructing a System which Proposes Metaphors Corresponding to the Onomatopoeia Expressing Medical Conditions

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