A zwitterionic carbene–plumbylene adduct

Stabenow, Frank; Saak, Wolfgang; Weidenbruch, Manfred

doi:10.1039/a902919b

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The Pb−C distance of 2.4341(46) Å is significantly shorter than in a diarylplumbylene adduct with a somewhat bulkier NHC by Weidenbruch et al. (2.540 Å) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners

Kargin

Kelemen

Krekić

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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A bisphosphanylsilylene with [3]ferrocenophane backbone and its heavier analogues are described in the form of donor adducts. These heterocarbenes can be formed by dehydrochlorination (Si) or cycloreversion (Sn, Pb) using NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene. The structures of the bisphosphanyl-silylene, -stannylene and -plumbylene NHC adducts are presented, and the bonding and stability of these compounds were elucidated using DFT calculations. Reactivity studies confirm the stability of the silylene adduct, where the electrophilic character of the silylene center is comparable to a borane.

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“…The Pb−C distance of 2.4341(46) Å is significantly shorter than in a diarylplumbylene adduct with a somewhat bulkier NHC by Weidenbruch et al. (2.540 Å) …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners

Kargin

Kelemen

Krekić

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…The high number of isotopes is consistent with lead's atomic number being even. [h] Lead has a magic number of protons (82), for which the nuclear shell model accurately predicts an especially stable nucleus. [31] Lead-208 has 126 neutrons, another magic number, which may explain why lead-208 is extraordinarily stable.…”

Section: Atomicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead: properties, history, and applications

Boldyrev¹

2018

Wiki J Sci

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Lead is a chemical element with the atomic number 82 and the symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum). It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and its oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lead tends to bond with itself; it can form chains, rings and polyhedral structures. Lead is easily extracted from its ores; prehistoric people in Western Asia knew of it. Galena, a principal ore of lead, often bears silver, interest in which helped initiate widespread extraction and use of lead in ancient Rome. Lead production declined after the fall of Rome and did not reach comparable levels until the Industrial Revolution. In 2014, annual global production of lead was about ten million tonnes, over half of which was from recycling. Lead's high density, low melting point, ductility, and relative inertness to oxidation make it useful. These properties, combined with its relative abundance and low cost, resulted in its extensive use in construction, plumbing, batteries, bullets and shot, weights, solders, pewters, fusible alloys, white paints, leaded gasoline, and radiation shielding.

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“…The larger 1 J (Pb,C) value in Ph 3 Pb − relative to Ph 4 Pb, would suggest (much) increased multiple‐bond character between Pb and C in Ph 3 Pb − , if 1 J (Si,C) for the silenes versus the sp 3 Si−C Me bonds follow the same relationship as 1 J (Pb,C) for Ph 3 Pb − versus Ph 4 Pb. However, this is unlikely due to the unfavorable contribution of the Pb−C double‐bond character . We felt that this must arise from the large difference in the relativistic effect on 1 J (Pb,C) between Ph 3 Pb − and Ph 4 Pb, since such a large difference was not reported for Ph 3 Sn − versus Ph 4 Sn (see Table ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relativistic Effect on ¹J(M,C) in Me₄M, Me₃M⁻, Ph₄M, and Ph₃M⁻ (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, and/or C): Role of s‐Type Lone Pair Orbitals in the Distinct Effect for the Anionic Species

et al. 2017

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Indirect one-bond nuclear spin-spin couplings between M and C [ J(M,C)] in Me M, Me M , Ph M, and Ph M (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, C) are analyzed with consideration of the relativistic effect and by employing Slater-type basis sets. The evaluated total values J (M,C) reproduced the observed values with some systematic calculation errors. Fermi contact terms J (M,C) contribute predominantly to J (M,C) (≈99 %). A distinct relativistic effect on J(Pb,C) is predicted for Me Pb and Ph Pb . The mechanisms for the distinct effect are elucidated by using the comparison between Me Pb and Me Pb as an example. The contributions to J (M,C) [or J (M,C), where SD denotes the spin-dipolar term] are decomposed into those of occupied orbitals and occupied-to-unoccupied transitions. The s-type lone-pair orbitals are demonstrated to contribute to the distinct relativistic effect on J(Pb,C) of Me Pb (and Ph Pb ). The results are in sharp contrast to the cases of J(M,C) for M atoms lighter than Pb, such as Si, and are explained by the s character of the M-C bonds. This treatment enables visualization and clear recognition the origin of the nuclear couplings for the species exhibiting a relativistic effect.

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A zwitterionic carbene–plumbylene adduct

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners

A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners

Lead: properties, history, and applications

Relativistic Effect on ¹J(M,C) in Me₄M, Me₃M⁻, Ph₄M, and Ph₃M⁻ (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, and/or C): Role of s‐Type Lone Pair Orbitals in the Distinct Effect for the Anionic Species

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A zwitterionic carbene–plumbylene adduct

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners

A Stabilized Bisphosphanylsilylene and Its Heavier Congeners

Lead: properties, history, and applications

Relativistic Effect on 1J(M,C) in Me4M, Me3M−, Ph4M, and Ph3M− (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, and/or C): Role of s‐Type Lone Pair Orbitals in the Distinct Effect for the Anionic Species

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Relativistic Effect on ¹J(M,C) in Me₄M, Me₃M⁻, Ph₄M, and Ph₃M⁻ (M=Pb, Sn, Ge, Si, and/or C): Role of s‐Type Lone Pair Orbitals in the Distinct Effect for the Anionic Species