AA-SES (Aerobic athlete self-efficacy scale) for measuring the self-efficacy of aerobic exercise athletes in obtaining sports achievement (design and validation)

Abstract

Self-efficacy relates to a person's belief in completing certain activities to achieve specific results. Self-efficacy for aerobic exercise athletes is one of the determinants of success in getting the title of champion. Self-efficacy for aerobic exercise athletes needs to be considered carefully, so it is necessary to develop standardized and valid instruments to measure the self-efficacy of aerobic athletes. The researchers developed and validated instruments with SEM-PLS to answer the research questions above. The total number of participants who took part was 205 from several provinces in Indonesia. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SEM PLS 4. The results showed that from the results of the validation test and factor analysis, it was found that 18 items were declared eligible and fulfilled the requirements of a self-efficacy scale for aerobic exercise athletes. The 18 items are divided into three main dimensions: level, strength, and generality. From the findings of this study, the resulting scale was named the AA-SES (Aerobic athlete self-efficacy scale). The results of this study provide a clear picture of how trainers can measure the self-efficacy of aerobic exercise athletes. Keywords: self-efficacy, aerobic exercise, design validation

An analysis of Indonesian student-level boxing athletes: What Effect Does Competition Anxiety Have on Self-Efficacy?

“…Reducing anxiety can reduce the pressure from competitive conditions so that self-efficacy becomes one factor that influences competitive anxiety (Peng & Zhang, 2021;HATAMİ, 2023;Mercader-Rubio et al, 2023). Self-efficacy is the main capital of an athlete in order to display his maximum performance (Adam & Faridah, 2021;Setiawan et al, 2023;Adam & Faridah, 2021;Setiawan et al, 2023). Selfefficacy is an attitude or a feeling of confidence in one's abilities so that the person concerned is not too anxious in acting, feels free to do things as he wants and is responsible for his actions, is warm and polite in interacting with others, has the urge to participate and can recognize their strengths and weaknesses (Tang et al, 2022;S.…”

“…An athlete's level of self-efficacy can be improved and influenced by the nature of the task facing the individual: the external incentives (rewards) the individual receives from others, the individual's status, or role in his or her environment, and information about self-efficacy (Koçak, 2020;Adam & Faridah, 2021). Self-efficacy can be cultivated and learned through four things, namely mastery experience, exemplary social behavior, social persuasion, and the physical and emotional condition of the individual (Case & Christophe, 2019;Setiawan et al, 2023). A factor to pay attention to is strong emotions that which usually decrease performance.…”

Developing PETTLEP Imagery Model to Improve Self-Efficacy of Karate Athletes

“…In this study, it was adopted from two existing self-efficacy instruments. The instrument was the Endurance Sport Self-Efficacy Scale (ESSES) developed by (Anstiss et al, 2018) which refers to the Bandura et al (1999), and AA-SES (Aerobic Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale) theory developed by Setiawan et al (2023). The second stage was modifying and developing from the previous instrument, which was carried out with FGD (focus group discussion) with four expert lecturers.…”

“…One of the combat sports that requires self-efficacy is karate (Khodabandelou & Salehian, 2023). Ideally, an athlete who has self-efficacy abilities will be aware of his abilities and then will increase these abilities in each training so that he will reduce anxiety about facing competition (Hernández et al, 2023;Setiawan et al, 2023;Hatami, 2023). However, in fact, many karate athletes do not understand how to train self-efficacy.…”