Ab Initio Design of Graphene Block Enables Ultrasensitivity, Multimeter‐Like Range Switchable Pressure Sensor

Abstract

From the weighing instruments in ancient China to the modern high-precision electronic balances and further the in vivo pressure measurements, the pressure determination by using the pressure sensors is absolutely needed in our life. At present, there are many kinds of pressure sensors based on different mechanisms including resistance change, piezoelectricity, capacitance, potential, and other detectable physical quantities as output signals, [1][2][3][4] using multiform pressure sensing materials such as conductive polymers, nanowires, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and so on. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Particularly the resistance-type pressure sensor, which is based on the correlation between the resistance change and mechanical deformation, has attracted more attention in recent years due to its wide potential applications including soft robotics, wearable devices, touch-on flexible displays, and health monitoring systems. [13][14][15][16] Conventional resistance-type pressure sensors have been widely accepted with rapid development; however, despite the tremendous efforts devoted to the improvement of sensitivity and detection limit, the wide-range detection of pressure still remains as an open issue. As one of the next-generation pressure-sensing materials, graphene has been extensively explored owing to its mechanical flexibility and low detection limit. Nevertheless, it is now suffering from the same issues. [17,18] Typically, a pressure sensor based on a suspended single-layer graphene has been demonstrated to possess a wide pressure sensing range up to 100 kPa but with a low sensitivity (2.66 × 10 −5 kPa −1 ). [19] To build the high-performance sensors with better sensitivity and lower detection limit, vesiculation of the sensing materials has been recognized as a promising solution due to its advantages of high porosity, good flexibility, and excellent robustness under the mechanical strain/stress, especially in the graphene-based system. [20] So far, the controlled reassembly, hydrothermal reduction, freeze drying, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth and other in situ foaming methods have been used to synthesize the graphene foams (GFs) and their congeners (sponges and aerogels) by utilizing the surface activity of the graphene or the graphene oxide (GO) nanofilm. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Representatively, Ren and co-workers improved In pursuit of the next-generation pressure sensors, the fabrication of graphene-based devices is considered to be one of the most promising approaches to address the unsatisfied sensitivity within a wide pressure range. Here, an ab initio design based on the graphene block is proposed to realize a high-performance and multimeter-like range switchable pressure sensor. The sensor contains three designed graphene-based foams with different initial resistances, which enable continuous resistance-change behavior induced by the pressure. Specifically, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) foam-based sensor demonstrates a three times resistance change within the pressure ran...

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