Abalone viral ganglioneuritis: Establishment and use of an experimental immersion challenge system for the study of abalone herpes virus infections in Australian abalone

Experimental infections of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas using the Australian ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1) µVar strain

“…In contrast, Corbeil et al (2012a) demonstrated a loss of infectivity over time when the abalone herpesvirus (AbHV) inoculum was held at + 4°C. In addition, the authors mentioned that keeping AbHV inoculum in liquid nitrogen prolonged viral infectivity for longer time periods (at least 21 mo) than storage at −20°C and −80°C (Corbeil et al 2012b). This is different from our results, as the injection of OsHV-1 viral inoculums kept at RT, −20°C, −80°C and in liquid nitrogen for 3 mo did not lead to any significant mortality (<14%), regardless of the concentration of viral particles in each inoculum (Fig.…”

Innate resistance of New Zealand paua to abalone viral ganglioneuritis

“…Inoculated animals were held in tanks containing 20 L aerated sea water (changed daily). After 4 days (previous experiments had shown that water from day 4 post-inoculation contained high levels of infectious virus (Corbeil et al, 2012a)), water was harvested to provide immersion challenge doses (1:2 and 1:10 dilutions).…”

“…Tissue sections of hybrid abalone infected with HaHV by immersion and injection demonstrated lesions typical of AVG (results not shown)(Hooper et al, 2007;Corbeil et al, 2012a). By contrast, only 1 out of 16 immersed paua demonstrated typical histological lesions affecting both white and grey matter (WM and GM, respectively) of the nerve cords…”

“…In addition, Haliotis diversicolor Reeve 1846 and H. diversicolor supertaxa cultivated in Asia also suffered significant mortalities due to AVG (Wang et al, 2004;Chang et al, 2005). Since its emergence in Australia, research on HaHV has been intense; the viral genome has been sequenced (Savin et al, 2010;Cowley et al, 2012) and many aspects of its biology investigated (Corbeil et al, 2012a(Corbeil et al, , 2012bCrane et al, 2013). The absence of a suitable in vitro system for viral replication has necessitated the development of an in vivo infectivity model to carry out research on, for exemple, viral stability (Corbeil et al, 2012b), host responses (Dang et al, 2013), and determination of susceptibility of abalone species to infection/disease (Corbeil et al, 2012a;2016).…”

Marine Snails and Slugs: a Great Place To Look for Antiviral Drugs

“…The lack of proliferative cell lines derived from molluscs presents great difficulties in reproducing molluscan viruses in vitro (18). While in vivo infection systems have been developed for some molluscan species, such as the use of an experimental immersion challenge system for the study of abalone herpesvirus infections in Australian abalone (19), there a only few such models for infecting molluscs. The extent to which the antiviral compounds discussed here are a true reflection of molluscan antiviral immunity remains speculative.…”