Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis

Corbeil, Serge

doi:10.3390/pathogens9090720

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The AbHV and OsHV-1 are important pathogens in abalones and oysters, respectively [ 34 , 35 ]. The genus Mytilus can harbor the OsHV-1, being considered a reservoir or host for this virus without histological abnormalities [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Status of Mytilus chilensis from Intensive Culture Areas in Chile Assessed by Molecular, Microbiological, and Histological Analyses

et al. 2022

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Shellfish farming is a relevant economic activity in Chile, where the inner sea in Chiloé island concentrates 99% of the production of the mussel Mytilus chilensis. This area is characterized by the presence of numerous human activities, which could harm the quality of seawater. Additionally, the presence of potentially pathogenic microorganisms can influence the health status of mussels, which must be constantly monitored. To have a clear viewpoint of the health status of M. chilensis and to study its potential as a host species for exotic diseases, microbiological, molecular, and histological analyses were performed. This study was carried out in October 2018, where M. chilensis gut were studied for: presence of food-borne bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.), exotic bacteria (“Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis”), viruses (abalone and Ostreid herpes virus), and protozoa (Marteilia spp., Perkinsus spp. and Bonamia spp.). Additionally, 18S rDNA metabarcoding and histology analyses were included to have a complete evaluation of the health status of M. chilensis. Overall, despite the presence of risk factors, abnormal mortality rates were not reported during the monitoring period and the histological examination did not reveal significant lesions. Pathogens of mandatory notification to World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Chilean National Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (SERNAPESCA) were not detected, which confirms that M. chilensis have a good health status, highlighting the importance of an integrated vision of different disciplines to ensure the sustainability of this important mussel industry in Chile.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Status of Mytilus chilensis from Intensive Culture Areas in Chile Assessed by Molecular, Microbiological, and Histological Analyses

et al. 2022

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“…Re-emergence of AVG remains a significant threat to the economic viability of H. rubra fisheries in southeastern Australia (Lafferty et al 2015;Corbeil 2020). Therefore characterising the spatial distribution and prevalence of disease resistant genotypes will help managers identify stocks expected to be either resilient or vulnerable to AVG re-emergence.…”

Section: Implications For Fisheries Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the first outbreak, animal mortality and disease spread has been minimal. While environmental and epidemiological factors may be contributing to the suppression of the disease (Bai et al 2019a;Corbeil 2020), it is possible that the presence of adaptive phenotypes has already reduced the number of susceptible animals and overall viral load within affected fishing stocks.…”

Section: Implications For Fisheries Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome resequencing reveals signatures of rapid selection in a virus affected commercial fishery

Holland

Toomey

Ahrens

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Infectious diseases are recognised as one of the greatest global threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Consequently, there is a growing urgency to understand the speed at which adaptive phenotypes can evolve and spread in natural populations to inform future management. Here we provide evidence of rapid genomic changes in wild Australian blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) following a major population crash associated with an infectious disease. A genome wide association study on H. rubra was conducted using pooled whole genome re-sequencing data from commercial fishing stocks varying in historical exposure to haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1). Approximately 25,000 SNP loci associated with virus exposure were identified, many of which mapped to genes known to contribute to HaHV-1 immunity in the New Zealand pāua (H. iris) and herpesvirus response pathways in haliotids and other animal systems. These findings indicate genetic changes across a single generation in H. rubra fishing stocks decimated by HaHV-1, with stock recovery determined by rapid evolutionary changes leading to virus resistance. This is a novel example of rapid adaptation in natural populations of a non-model marine organism, highlighting the pace at which selection can potentially act to counter disease in wildlife communities.

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“…Herpesviruses, a family of DNA viruses possessing an icosahedral structure, have been linked with recent outbreaks of disease in molluscs, with Haliotid Herpesvirus (HaHV1) infecting populations of Australian abalone [15]. Furthermore, HaHV-1 causes the neurological condition Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis (AVG), and in the past has exhibited an approximate 90% mortality rate in Victorian species of abalone [16][17][18]. Moreover, Ostreid Herpesvirus (OsHV-1) has been associated with mass mortality in the molluscan class of Bivalvia, such as in C. gigas and the Blood Ark Clam Scapharca broughtonii, with studies showing up to 83% reduction in C. gigas production across five years in some areas [15,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Anti-Viral Effector Molecules in Mollusc Hemolymph

et al. 2022

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Molluscs are major contributors to the international and Australian aquaculture industries, however, their immune systems remain poorly understood due to limited access to draft genomes and evidence of divergences from model organisms. As invertebrates, molluscs lack adaptive immune systems or ‘memory’, and rely solely on innate immunity for antimicrobial defence. Hemolymph, the circulatory fluid of invertebrates, contains hemocytes which secrete effector molecules with immune regulatory functions. Interactions between mollusc effector molecules and bacterial and fungal pathogens have been well documented, however, there is limited knowledge of their roles against viruses, which cause high mortality and significant production losses in these species. Of the major effector molecules, only the direct acting protein dicer-2 and the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hemocyanin and myticin-C have shown antiviral activity. A better understanding of these effector molecules may allow for the manipulation of mollusc proteomes to enhance antiviral and overall antimicrobial defence to prevent future outbreaks and minimize economic outbreaks. Moreover, effector molecule research may yield the description and production of novel antimicrobial treatments for a broad host range of animal species.

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Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis

Cited by 17 publications

References 35 publications

Health Status of Mytilus chilensis from Intensive Culture Areas in Chile Assessed by Molecular, Microbiological, and Histological Analyses

Health Status of Mytilus chilensis from Intensive Culture Areas in Chile Assessed by Molecular, Microbiological, and Histological Analyses

Whole genome resequencing reveals signatures of rapid selection in a virus affected commercial fishery

The Role of Anti-Viral Effector Molecules in Mollusc Hemolymph

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