Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in association with cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: the China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) study

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 8460 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years from Chinese urban areas who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and had metabolic risk factors measured.ResultsIn multivariate analysis adjusted for region, family income, age, puberty development, physical activity, and smoking, VAT and SAT were significantly associated with all metabolic risk factors for both sexes (all p<0.01). After additional adjustment for fat mass index, most of these associations remain significantly positive. In boys, SAT had greater ORs for all risk factors compared with VAT; in girls, however, SAT had greater odds for high triglycerides, smaller odds for high low-density lipid cholesterol, and similar odds for other risk factors compared with VAT. In addition, boys had greater magnitude of associations of SAT with high total cholesterol, high low-density lipid cholesterol, and low high-density lipid cholesterol compared with girls; no sex differences for VAT were observed.ConclusionsBoth abdominal VAT and SAT have adverse impacts on most of the cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. However, their relative contributions differ between sexes.

Extract of Acalypha australis L. inhibits lipid accumulation and ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice through regulating adipose differentiation by decreasing PPARγ and CEBP/α expression

“…The epididymal adipose tissue represents subcutaneous fat pad, while the perirenal tissue represents abdominal visceral fat pad. It has been reported that hypotrophy of visceral fat is the risk for cardiovascular diseases development, while subcutaneous fat accumulation is a relatively protective factor which encounters excess energy intake (25). Epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue samples were usually taken to determine the wet weight of the fat pad and body fat ratio in the absence of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (26).…”

Body fat distribution in trunk and legs are associated with cardiometabolic risk clustering among Chinese adolescents aged 10–18 years old

“…Previous study found that central fat includes trunk and android fat (23), and the ndings indicate that higher fat mass in the he trunk and android fat plays an important role in the progression of CVRFs in children and adolescents (24). Other ndings suggested that arms and legs fat mass confer differential cardiometabolic risk in subjects.…”

Body Fat Distribution in Trunk and Legs Are Associated With Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering Among Chinese Adolescents Aged 10-18 Years Old

“…The prevalence of CVRFs increased with the percentile of all body fat mass. Previous study found that central fat includes trunk and android fat (23), and the ndings indicate that higher fat mass in the he trunk and android fat plays an important role in the progression of CVRFs in children and adolescents (24). Other ndings suggested that arms and legs fat mass confer differential cardiometabolic risk in subjects.…”