Aberrant Leukocyte Common Antigen Expression in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Rare Finding and a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall

Houreih, Mohammad Adib; Eyden, Brian P; Reeve, N L; Banerjee, Shiladitya

doi:10.1097/pai.0b013e318031c265

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Immunoreactivity in the LCA is highly suggestive of lymphoid malignancy. However, LCA can also be rarely expressed in nonhematopoietic malignancies such as various carcinomas and sarcomas [ 2 , 3 ]. The reported cases of positive LCA expression in nonhematopoietic malignancies were mostly cytoplasmic and nuclear, and there were only three cases of lung neuroendocrine tumors showed the membrane-positive expression of LCA have been reported in the literature [ 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD45 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase, also known as leukocyte common antigen (LCA), that is essential for the initiation of T-cell receptor signalling and is commonly used to diagnose lymphoid diseases [ 1 ].Although abnormal LCA expression has also been reported in nonhematopoietic malignancies, such as poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, aggressive pituitary adenoma, spermatogonium, rhabdomyosarcoma, and metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma [ 2 , 3 ], only three cases of lung neuroendocrine tumors with positive LCA expression have been reported in the literature [ 2 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abnormal expression of LCA and CD43 in SCLC: a rare case report and brief literature review

Cai,

Zuo,

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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Background To present an unusual case of abnormal LCA expression and CD43 in SCLC and to review the reported literature to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls. Case presentation A 73-year-old male patient suffered from persistent back pain for more than one month. MRI revealed a compression fracture of the L1-L5 vertebra. A CT scan revealed multiple nodules and masses at the left root of the neck, lung hilum and mediastinum, and multiple areas of bony destruction of the ribs. Histology of the tumor revealed that small and round cells were arranged in nests with areas of necrosis. The tumor cells were round to ovoid with scant cytoplasm and indistinct cell borders. The nuclear chromatin was finely granular, and the nucleoli were absent or inconspicuous. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin, TTF-1, POU2F3, LCA, and CD43. Conclusion This report highlights a potential diagnostic pitfall in the diagnosis of SCLC, urges pathologists to exercise caution in cases of LCA and CD43 positivity and illustrates the need for further immunohistochemical studies to avoid misdiagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal expression of LCA and CD43 in SCLC: a rare case report and brief literature review

Cai,

Zuo,

et al. 2024

BMC Pulm Med

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“…8 LCA is considered highly specific for hematological neoplasms and is a commonly used marker of hematopoietic cells except erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Reports of aberrant expression of LCA in non-hematological neoplasms are more or less anecdotal consisting of very rare cases of undifferentiated and neuroendocrine carcinoma 9–11 , one seminoma and one rhabdomyosarcoma. 12 On the basis of the extremely aggressive clinical behavior, tumor location (midline) and microscopic description of such undifferentiated/poorly differentiated neoplasm, we could presume that at least a few of them 9,11 may represent NUT carcinoma, an entity non-existent in the time of publication of those reports. Second point regarding immunohistochemistry of note in our case is tumor positivity for AFP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NUT Carcinoma: A Clinical, Morphological and Immunohistochemical Mimicker—The Role of RNA Sequencing in the Diagnostic Procedure

et al. 2021

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Background: NUT carcinoma is a highly aggressive and rare subset of squamous cell carcinoma with grim prognosis. It is under-recognized by both pathologists and oncologists. Recognition is challenging due to its rareness and the fact that its clinical and laboratory features as well as morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics may mimic other malignancies. Case presentation: An interesting case of NUT carcinoma in a 47-year-old male with a large tumor mass in the inferior part of the mediastinum and left lung and increased levels of serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is described. Immunohistochemical analysis of both the primary tumor in a bronchoscopy specimen and an excisional biopsy of a subcutaneous metastasis showed positivity for AFP and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) that were misleading and resulted in diagnostic pitfalls of mediastinal germ cell tumor (clinically) and hematolymphoid neoplasm (pathologic report). Immunohistochemical demonstration of NUT protein expression revealed the proper diagnosis, which was further confirmed by RNA sequencing revealing a BRD4- NUTM1 gene fusion.Conclusions: Since NUT carcinoma can show a wide spectrum of histological and immunophenotypic features and can clinically mimic other tumors, use of RNA sequencing with identification of specific NUTM1 fusion partner could be crucial when there are discrepant clinical and histopathological findings. As well, since the category of so-called NUTM1-rearranged neoplasms is rapidly expanding, identification of NUTM1 fusion partner may be essential for the appropriate clinical management.

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“…Similarly, CD45 is generally accepted as a marker of hematolymphoid cells, but it is not uniformly expressed by hematopoietic neoplasms, with acute megakaryoblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukemias representing the entities that most often lack CD45 expression (12,(15)(16)(17). It also is not entirely specific, as other neoplasms such as metastatic small cell carcinoma can rarely show CD45 positivity (18). Another diagnostic consideration for the flow cytometric immunophenotype observed in this case is plasma cell myeloma, which frequently expresses CD56 and is occasionally positive for CD117 while lacking CD45 (19); CD38 and CD138 were not analyzed.…”

Section: Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Expressing Myeloid Markers By Flow Cytometry And Review Of the Literature

Harrison

Vanderjagt²,

Zhang

2016

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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Aberrant Leukocyte Common Antigen Expression in Metastatic Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A Rare Finding and a Potential Diagnostic Pitfall

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Abnormal expression of LCA and CD43 in SCLC: a rare case report and brief literature review

Abnormal expression of LCA and CD43 in SCLC: a rare case report and brief literature review

NUT Carcinoma: A Clinical, Morphological and Immunohistochemical Mimicker—The Role of RNA Sequencing in the Diagnostic Procedure

A Case Of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Expressing Myeloid Markers By Flow Cytometry And Review Of the Literature

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