Aberration coefficients of multi-element cylindrical electrostatic lens systems for charged particle beam applications

Double Differential Cross-Sections for Electron Impact Ionization of Atoms and Molecules

“…The entrance lens systems focuses on scattered or ejected electrons which are leaving the interaction region to the analyzer, passing energy at the entrance plane. The arrangement of the lens systems made two three-element lenses in a focal mode [118,127]. The lens systems image the two apertures with a 2 mm diameter at the entrance and exit of the lens system.…”

“…All noble atoms show parallel structure in the elastic differential cross section at low energies. The DCS of the noble gases show minima at different energies and different angles [127]. Double differential cross-sections (DDCSs) for the single ionization of argon by 250 eV electron impact were measured for the ejection energy range of 10-200 eV ( Figure 15).…”

Electrostatic afocal-zoom lens design using computer optimization technique

“…The results presented above constitute a continuation of the systematic study [22,42,43] of multi-element electrostatic lenses designed for generating electron/ion beams. Here, the detailed numerical analysis of the imaging properties and aberration coefficients of a five-element afocal-zoom lens is described using a computer optimization technique.…”

Exploring focal and aberration properties of electrostatic lenses through computer simulation

“…The second electrode is placed at a higher or lower potential, thus providing acceleration or deceleration of the beam. There are many configurations of electrostatic lenses, from the two aperture lens and the two cylinder lens up to the multi-electrode lenses (see [18,19] and references therein). One of the most commonly used lenses in charged particle optics is the two-electrode lens, which is often used when the image and object are required to be in space of different potential.…”