Abnormal cerebral structure in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI

Woermann, Friedrich G.; Free, S. L.; Koepp, Matthias J.; Sisodiya, Sanjay M.; Duncan, John S.

doi:10.1093/brain/122.11.2101

Cited by 306 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, an increase in volume has been found in the medial frontal cortex of patients with JME,11, 28 whereas another study of JME patients found a decrease in a similar region 8. In addition, medial frontal gyrus was found to have decreased gray matter volume in groups of patients with GTCSO 10, 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

et al. 2017

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SummaryObjectivePatients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) have subtle morphologic abnormalities of the brain revealed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly in the thalamus. However, it is unclear whether morphologic abnormalities of the brain in GGE are a consequence of repeated seizures over the duration of the disease, or are a consequence of treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), or are independent of these factors. Therefore, we measured brain morphometry in a cohort of AED‐naive patients with GGE at disease onset. We hypothesize that drug‐naive patients at disease onset have gray matter changes compared to age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsWe performed quantitative measures of gray matter volume in the thalamus, putamen, caudate, pallidum, hippocampus, precuneus, prefrontal cortex, precentral cortex, and cingulate in 29 AED‐naive patients with new‐onset GGE and compared them to 32 age‐matched healthy controls. We subsequently compared the shape of any brain structures found to differ in gray matter volume between the groups.ResultsThe thalamus was the only structure to show reduced gray matter volume in AED‐naive patients with new‐onset GGE compared to healthy controls. Shape analysis revealed that the thalamus showed deflation, which was not uniformly distributed, but particularly affected a circumferential strip involving anterior, superior, posterior, and inferior regions with sparing of medial and lateral regions.SignificanceStructural abnormalities in the thalamus are present at the initial onset of GGE in AED‐naive patients, suggesting that thalamic structural abnormality is an intrinsic feature of GGE and not a consequence of AEDs or disease duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

et al. 2017

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“…VBM has been cross-validated with region-of-interest measurements and functional data in a number of studies (Vargha-Khadem et al, 1998;May et al, 1999;Woermann et al, 1999). This method is based on highresolution structural three-dimensional magnetic resonance images, registered in standard space, and is designed to find significant regional differences throughout the brain by applying voxelwise statistics within the context of Gaussian random fields (Ashburner and Friston, 2000).…”

Section: Vbm Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Brain Structure Changes during Extensive Learning

Draganski

Gaser

Kempermann

et al. 2006

Journal of Neuroscience

676

441

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The current view regarding human long-term memory as an active process of encoding and retrieval includes a highly specific learninginduced functional plasticity in a network of multiple memory systems. Voxel-based morphometry was used to detect possible structural brain changes associated with learning. Magnetic resonance images were obtained at three different time points while medical students learned for their medical examination. During the learning period, the gray matter increased significantly in the posterior and lateral parietal cortex bilaterally. These structural changes did not change significantly toward the third scan during the semester break 3 months after the exam. The posterior hippocampus showed a different pattern over time: the initial increase in gray matter during the learning period was even more pronounced toward the third time point. These results indicate that the acquisition of a great amount of highly abstract information may be related to a particular pattern of structural gray matter changes in particular brain areas.

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“…This may support the studies with neuropsychological tests and advanced structural neuroimaging techniques showing focal cortical abnormalities mainly associated with frontal lobe in patients with JME. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Results of ours and similar studies seem to be challenging for further trials designed with tasks more spesific to the critical regions of cortical network.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cognitive Functions on EEG in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Demir¹,

Ak²,

Atakli³

et al. 2013

Epilepsi

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SummaryObjectives: In this study, we aimed to show any effect of different types of cognitive activities on the electroencephalography (EEG) of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).Methods: 30 patients with JME who stated that their seizures are not effected by any mental activity were submitted to a 30-minute standard awake video EEG. A neuropsychological activation battery (NPA) was performed during the ongoing video EEG. Results:The provocative effect of at least one test of NPA was observed in seven of 30 patients (23.3%) and the inhibitory effect of NPA was observed in nine of 30 patients (30.0%). Conclusion:We demonstrated that increased attention, concentration, and the tests associated generally with the frontal lobe functions were crucial for provocating the EEG discharges. This may support the studies with neuropsychological tests and structural neuroimaging techniques showing focal cortical abnormalities mainly associated with frontal lobe in JME.

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Abnormal cerebral structure in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI

Cited by 306 publications

References 26 publications

Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

Thalamic volume reduction in drug‐naive patients with new‐onset genetic generalized epilepsy

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Brain Structure Changes during Extensive Learning

The Effect of Cognitive Functions on EEG in Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

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