Abnormal Development of the Suspensor in an Embryo-Lethal Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Marsden, Margery P. F.; Meinke, David W.

doi:10.2307/2443737

Cited by 33 publications

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“…The absence of cellular degeneration suggests that these mutations either 1) cause a partial loss of gene function that disrupts morphogenesis but does not immediately become lethal to mutant cells; 2) disrupt a gene function that can be partially replaced by surrounding maternal tissues; or 3) eliminate a gene product that is not required for general metabolism and cell maintenance. Cellular degeneration of the embryo proper does occur in other mutants with early lethal phases and may in some cases be accompanied by abnormal growth ofthe suspensor (Marsden and Meinke, 1985).…”

Section: Results-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lethal mutants have also been used to study the genetic control of plant embryo development Sheridan and Clark, 1987). Arrested embryos from lethal mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana have been shown previously to differ with respect to lethal phase (Muller, 1963), size and color , pattern of abnormal development (Marsden and Meinke, 1985), expression ofmutant genes prior to fertilization (Meinke, 1982), response in culture Franzmann, Patton, and Meinke, 1989), and accumulation of seed storage proteins (Heath et aI., 1986). Some mutants are defective in essential housekeeping functions (Schneider et aI., 1989), whereas others appear to lack a gene product required for the regulation of embryogenesis (Meinke et aI., 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Thin sections for electron microscopy were cut at 60-90 nm on diamond knives, mounted on copper grids, stained with 5% uranyl acetate and 0.3% lead citrate (Reynolds, 1963), and viewed on a JEOL 100-CXII transmission electron microscope. (Meinke and Sussex, 1979;Marsden and Meinke, 1985). Morphogenesis and cell division are completed during the first week of embryo development.…”

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Ultrastructure of Arrested Embryos from Lethal Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Patton

Meinke

1990

American Journal of Botany

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The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of cellular differentiation in arrested embryos from lethalmutantsofArabidopsis thaliana. Thequestion to beaddressed was whether arrested embryos in heterozygous siliques resembled mature wild-type embryos at the cellular level. Protein bodies were chosen as developmental markers because they appear only during the final stages of embryogenesis. Both the hypocotyl and cotyledons of wild-type embryos contained proteinbodies that became filled with storage proteinduringthe cotyledonary stages ofdevelopment. Somemutantembryos (emb30) contained normalproteinbodiesand resembled mature wild-type embryos at the cellular level. Other mutant embryos (emb22) contained only immature protein bodies and were therefore blocked in both morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. The formation of proteinbodies in emb31 wasnormalin the hypocotyl but delayed in the cotyledons. In this case the mutant gene appearsto disrupt the timingof both morphogenesis anddifferentiation. This ultrastructural viewofarrested embryos hasprovidedadditional information on the nature of developmental arrest that should facilitate the classification of embryonic lethals and the identification of mutants with defects in developmental rather than housekeeping functions.

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Section: Results-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructure of Arrested Embryos from Lethal Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Patton

Meinke

1990

American Journal of Botany

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“…(since setting apart Of embryo proper and suspensor is an event unique to embryogenesis, and since the suspensor does not Persist in the seedling stage, mutants blocked in this phase would not have been identified as pattern mutants in Jurgens' screen. However, Marsden and Meinke (1985) and Meinke (1991) have described two mutants of this type in Arabjdopsis). For seven of the ten emb mutants the embryo proper often either failed to develop or was necrotic.…”

Section: Many Genes Control Embryogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutational analysis of morphogenesis of the maize embryo

Sheridan

Clark

1993

The Plant Journal

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SummaryMorphogenesis of the maize embryo is controlled by many genes. A group of 51 embryo-specific (emb) mutations representing at least 45 independent mutation events and many different gene loci have been isolated from active Robertson's Mutator stocks. The authors have reported previously that the embryo phenotype of 27 of these mutations, characterized by examining mature embryos in fresh dissection. The maximal development capacity of the 24 ernb mutations are reported here which have not been reported previously. All result in retarded embryos that are morphologically abnormal. Three of the mutants are blocked during the first phase of morphogenesis, the period in which the basal-apical asymmetry is established and the embryo is regionalized into suspensor and embryo proper. Nineteen mutants are blocked during the second phase, the period in which radial asymmetry appears, the embryonic axis is established at a different angle than the original basal-apical axis of the zygote and the vegetative organ primordia of the adult plant make their first appearance. Two mutants are blocked or altered during the third phase, the period in which vegetative structures are elaborated.Some of the mutants affected in the first phase of morphogenesis may have defective mechanisms for establishing basal-apical asymmetry, including possibly the asymmetric distribution of morphogenic determinants. Similarly, some of the mutants affected in the second phase may be altered in the mechanisms establishing radial asymmetry and the origin of the meristems. Mutations of the first type may act as early as the first cell division when the zygote undergoes a transverse division, while mutations of the second type are likely to act during the proembtyo and transition stages. Both types include mutations affecting embryo pattern formation. Mutations affecting the third phase of morphogenesis may identify genes

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“…Arabidopsis follows a pattern of embryo development almost identical to that of Capsella, a crucifer used widely for descriptive studies of embryogenesis in dicots. Numerous papers have been published on the morphology of embryogenesis in Arabidopsis [Misra, 1962;Muller, 1963;Yakolev and Alimova, 1976;Meinke and Sussex, 1979a;Marsden and Meinke, 1985;Patton and Meinke, 1990;Mansfield and Briarty, 1991;Webb and Gunning, 19911 and Capsella [Soueges, 1914[Soueges, , 1919Schulz and Jensen 1968a-q 1969, 1971, 1973. Normal stages of embryo development in Arabidopsis and Capsella are summarized in Figure 1.…”

Section: Embryogenesis In Arabzdopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Meinke

1991

Dev. Genet.

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Genetic analysis of plant embryogenesis has been approached in part through the isolation and characterization of recessive embryonic mutants. The most extensive studies have dealt with maize and Arabidopsis. The high frequency of mutants defective in plant embryogenesis is consistent with the presence of many target genes with essential functions at this stage of the life cycle. Some mutants are likely to be defective in genes with general housekeeping functions. Others should facilitate the identification of genes with a more direct role in the regulation of morphogenesis. Over 300 embryonic mutants of Arabidopsis isolated following chemical mutagenesis and T-DNA insertional mutayeriesis ute cut rently being analyzed. This collection includes embryonic lethals, defectives, and pattern mutants. Developmental abnormalities include the presence of fused cotyledons, twin embryos, abnormally large suspensors, distorted epidermal layers, single cotyledons, enlarged shoot apices, pattern deletions and duplications, embryos with altered patterns of symmetry, bloated embryos with giant vacuolated cells, reduced hypocotyls that fail to produce roots, and embryos that protrude through the seed coat late in maturation. This review describes the isolation and characterization of embryonic mutants of Arabidopsis and their potential application to plant biology. o 1992 WiIey-Liss, Inc.

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Abnormal Development of the Suspensor in an Embryo-Lethal Mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 33 publications

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Ultrastructure of Arrested Embryos from Lethal Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Ultrastructure of Arrested Embryos from Lethal Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Mutational analysis of morphogenesis of the maize embryo

Embryonic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

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