Abnormal Expression of Connexin43 in Cardiac Injury Induced by S-Band and X-Band Microwave Exposure in Rats

Yin, Yue; Xu, Xinping; Gao, Yabing; Wang, Juan; Yao, Baojin; Zhao, Li; Wang, Haoyu; Huī, Wánɡ; Dong, Ji; Zhang, Jing; Peng, Ruiyun

doi:10.1155/2021/3985697

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The aforementioned results show that the heart function of the rats in this model was damaged, while it is known that functional changes and structural damage are frequently interrelated. Koniari et al [ 27 ] and Yin et al and Zhang et al [ 28 , 29 ] found that 7–30 days after microwave irradiation of rats at 2.5, 5, 10, and 50 mW/cm 2 , the myocardial fibers' arrangement was disordered, the structure of the intercalated discs was blurred, the mitochondria were swollen and cavitated; the increase in the radiation dose aggravated the existing lesions. In this study, the rats' myocardial structure and ultrastructure were observed under an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsp72-Based Effect and Mechanism of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Gao

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The purpose of this study was to determine the role of heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) changes in cardiac injury caused by microwave radiation, aimed at providing novel insights into the mechanism of this damage. A digital thermometer was used to measure the rectal temperature of the rats’ pre- and post-radiation. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 28th days post-radiation, the changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) were analyzed by a multi-channel physiological recorder. The myocardial enzyme activities and ion concentrations were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Additionally, the levels of myocardial injury markers were established by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and those of hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. The structure and ultrastructure of the myocardial tissue were observed using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of Hsp72 was measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Post-exposure, the rectal temperature in the R-group increased significantly, ECG was disordered, and the concentrations of ions were decreased. Furthermore, the activities of myocardial enzymes were changed, and the contents of myocardial injury markers and hormones were increased. We observed damage to the structure and ultrastructure and significantly increased expression of Hsp72. As a whole, the results indicated that S-wave microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm2 for 35 min resulted in damage to the cardiac functionality organigram, caused by a combination of the thermal and nonthermal effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hsp72-Based Effect and Mechanism of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Gao

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Our group previously established stable animal models to evaluate the nonthermal effects of microwaves ( Supplementary Figure S2 ), and the nonthermal effects on the hippocampus, heart, and testis were evaluated. Our data suggested that power-density-dependent injuries could be detected in these tissues [ 10 , 25 , 48 , 49 ]. In this study, we exposed rats to a multifrequency microwave of 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz, the body temperature was monitored both before and immediately after exposure, and no obvious changes were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most reports evaluated the biological effects and corresponding mechanisms using microwaves with a single frequency at the indicated average power density [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Our group reported that different frequency microwaves, including the S band, L band, and X band, impaired hippocampal functions, caused cardiac injury, and damaged the blood-testis barrier via multiple mechanisms [ 10 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. However, people are always exposed to such a complex environment in daily life, which includes microwaves with varied frequencies, power densities, and so on.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave-induced increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is another pivotal mechanism for microwave-biological system interaction [ 8 ]. Studies have demonstrated that microwave-induced biological effects are associated with the frequency, power density, and duration of exposure [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Due to the complex environment of the electromagnetic field in our daily life, people are always exposed to microwaves with different parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System

Yao

Dong

Ren

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Microwave ablation can produce immune activation due to thermal effects. However, the nonthermal effects of microwaves on the immune system are still largely unexplored. In this study, we sequentially exposed rats to 1.5 GHz microwave for 6 min and 2.8 GHz microwave for 6 min at an average power density of 5, 10, and 30 mW/cm2. The structure of the thymus, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node were observed, and we showed that multifrequency microwave exposure caused tissue injuries, such as congestion and nuclear fragmentation in lymphocytes. Ultrastructural injuries, including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial cristae rupture, and mitochondrial cavitation, were observed, especially in the 30 mW/cm2 microwave-exposed group. Generally, multifrequency microwaves decreased white blood cells, as well as lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, in peripheral blood, from 7 d to 28 d after exposure. Microwaves with an average density of 30 mW/cm2 produced much more significant inhibitory effects on immune cells. Moreover, multifrequency microwaves at 10 and 30 mW/cm2, but not 5 mW/cm2, reduced the serum levels of several cytokines, such as interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), at 7 d and 14 d after exposure. We also found similar alterations in immunoglobulins (Igs), IgG, and IgM in serum. However, no obvious changes in complement proteins were detected. In conclusion, multifrequency microwave exposure of 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz caused both structural injuries of immune tissues and functional impairment in immune cells. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop an effective strategy to protect people from multifrequency microwave-induced immune suppression.

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“…Single and composite exposure of S-and X-bands microwave radiation could cause the activity of myocardial enzymes increase, heart rate increase, disordered myocardial ber arrangement, mitochondrial cavitation, and intercalation disc structure uncompleted. Also, the expression and distribution of Cx43 related to cardiac electrical conduction are reduced [7]. The current studies employing cardiomyocytes as a model, however, was insu cient, and the cell models used were rat-derived H9C2 cell lines or primary rat cardiomyocytes [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cx43 in the damage of iPSC-CM induced by S-band and X-band microwave exposure

Yin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background The heart is one of the major organs affected by microwave radiation and its effects have been extensively studied. In order to make the research model closer to human, we used iPSC-CM as the cell injury model to explore the biological effect of iPSC-CM injury after microwave radiation. Results First, the iPSC-CM was continuously cultured for 7 d after recovery, which was the best state for the cell model establishment. Second, to model the damage, cells were separated into four groups and exposed to single or composite S- and X-band microwave radiation sources with an average power density of 30 mW/cm2. After that, ELISA was used to detect the contents of myocardial enzymes and injury markers in the culture medium, and it was discovered that the contents increased after radiation. TEM and SEM were used to examine the aberrant ultrastructure. The abnormal changes in mitochondrial structure, an increase in the number of autophagosome-like bodies, and cell membrane rupture were discovered to be the most common signs of cell ultrastructural damage. The OCR was used to assess mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial function was discovered to be aberrant, with lower respiratory rate and ATP production. Wb, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to detect expression and distribution of Cx43. The results showed that the expression of Cx43 was decreased, and the distribution of Cx43 at the junction of cell-cell was decreased. The composite exposure group was more severely harmed than the single exposure group. Conclusions Single or composite exposure to 30 mW/cm2 of S- and X-band microwave caused damage of structure and function of iPSC-CM, primarily mitochondrial damage, with a dose-dependent effect. The iPSC-CM is of great value in the research and treatment of heart diseases, especially in the research of microwave-induced cardiac damage.

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Abnormal Expression of Connexin43 in Cardiac Injury Induced by S-Band and X-Band Microwave Exposure in Rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Hsp72-Based Effect and Mechanism of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Hsp72-Based Effect and Mechanism of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System

Cx43 in the damage of iPSC-CM induced by S-band and X-band microwave exposure

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