Abnormal Growth Transport in Oxide Scales on Fe-16Cr Steels in Water Vapor

Gong, Jinlong; Jiang, Yiming; Deng, B.; Zhong, Cheng; Sun, Dalin; Li, J.

doi:10.1007/s11661-009-9986-y

Metall Mater Trans A

2009

DOI: 10.1007/s11661-009-9986-y

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Abnormal Growth Transport in Oxide Scales on Fe-16Cr Steels in Water Vapor

Jinlong Gong

Yiming Jiang

B. Deng

et al.

Abstract: The oxidation behavior of Fe-16Cr steels in N 2 -12 vol pct H 2 O was studied at 850°C. The oxide scale was compact and had excellent adhesion to the substrate; moreover, there were three layers of different compositions existing in the scale. To gain an insight into the transport mechanism, two-stage oxidation was carried out in N 2 -12 vol pct H 2 16 O and followed in N 2 -12 vol pct H 2 18 O gas mixtures. The oxygen isotope profiles in oxide scales were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The res… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…45,46 Isotopic tracer studies have been widely used in oxidation studies of Al-, Fe-, Ni-, and Zr-base alloys, as well as SiC, with significant new insights gained regarding the growth mechanism of the oxide films. 45,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] However, application of this experimental approach to Mg is particularly challenging due to the formation of both MgO and Mg(OH) 2 products in the film, necessitating the use of both 16 O/ 18 O and H/D tracer species. Furthermore, the corrosion films formed on Mg are frequently heterogeneous and non-uniform, and can involve multiple mechanisms, including Mg dissolution, solid-state MgO or Mg(OH) 2 film growth, and precipitation of Mg(OH) 2 from solution to the film surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Film Growth Study of the Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys AZ31B and ZE10A in 0.01% NaCl Solution

Brady¹,

Fayek²,

Leonard³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A sequential isotopic tracer study of corrosion film growth for Mg-3Al-1Zn-0.25Mn (AZ31B) and Mg-1.2Zn-0.25Zr-<0.5Nd (ZE10A) was conducted by 4 h immersion in H 2 18 O or D 2 16 O, followed by a 20 h immersion in a 0.01 wt% NaCl H 2 18 O or D 2 16 O solution. Sputter depth profiles were obtained for 16 O, 18 O, H, and D using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Compared to the previous tracer study for these alloys in salt-free water, the addition of 0.01 wt% NaCl resulted in a transition from oxygen inward-dominated film growth to a component of mixed inward/outward film growth for both alloys. The hydrogen tracer behavior remained inward growing for AZ31B, and short-circuit, inward growing for ZE10A, in both pure water and in 0.01 wt% NaCl solution, with extensive penetration of D beyond the film and into the underlying alloy also observed for ZE10A. Analysis of the films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cross-section scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) indicated intermixed Mg(OH) 2 and MgO, with the relative fraction of Mg(OH) 2 peaking near the center of the film. These findings suggest a decoupled film growth mechanism, with initial formation of oxide followed by NaCl-accelerated conversion to hydroxide, likely by both solid-state and dissolution-precipitation processes. Low density Mg alloys are of great interest for the production of lightweight vehicle parts to achieve increased fuel efficiencies and better performance.1-6 Key challenges to achieve widespread adoption in automotive vehicle applications include the cost of primary Mg metal, the formability of wrought Mg alloys (to expand application beyond current Mg cast parts), and the rapid corrosion of Mg in many aqueous and humid environments.6 From a corrosion perspective, the high reactivity of Mg, which leads to micro-and/or macro-galvanic corrosion coupling, and the inability of Mg alloys to sufficiently establish and/or maintain a protective surface film are major challenges in many environments. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Of particular detriment is the acceleration of Mg corrosion in salt-containing environments, which has been linked to increased local micro-galvanic coupling at second phases/metallic impurity sites and enhanced Mg dissolution, as well as disruption of the Mg(OH) 2 /MgO based surface film. The successful application of isotopic tracer studies employing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to gain insights into the film growth mechanism of Mg alloys in room-temperature water and 85• C humid air was recently demonstrated. 45,46 Isotopic tracer studies have been widely used in oxidation studies of Al-, Fe-, Ni-, and Zr-base alloys, as well as SiC, with significant new insights gained regarding the growth mechanism of the oxide films. 45,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] However, application of this experimental approach to Mg is particularly challenging due to the formation of both MgO and Mg(OH) 2 products in the film, necessitating the use of both ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Film Growth Study of the Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys AZ31B and ZE10A in 0.01% NaCl Solution

Brady¹,

Fayek²,

Leonard³

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Such insights have proven particularly useful for understanding the influence of various alloying additions on film growth, and provide a basis for improved alloy design. For example, tracer studies of Al 2 O 3 -forming alloys with and without rare earth element dopants revealed beneficial effects related to more protective, oxygen inward growth mechanisms [e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isotopic tracer studies have been widely applied to studies of the high-temperature oxidation of alloys (Al, Fe, Ni, and Zr base; SiC), with significant new insights gained regarding the growth mechanism of the oxide films. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Such insights have proven particularly useful for understanding the influence of various alloying additions on film growth, and provide a basis for improved alloy design. For example, tracer studies of Al 2 O 3 -forming alloys with and without rare earth element dopants revealed beneficial effects related to more protective, oxygen inward growth mechanisms [e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Film Growth Study of Hydrogen and Oxygen from the Corrosion of Magnesium in Water

Brady

Fayek

Elsentriecy

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An isotopic tracer study of the film growth mechanism for pure magnesium, AZ31B, and ZE10A (Elektron 717, E717) magnesium alloys in water at room temperature was performed. A series of individual and sequential exposures were conducted in both H 2 18 O and D 2 16 O, with isotopic tracer profiles obtained using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The water-formed films consisted primarily of partially hydrated MgO. The SIMS sputter depth profiles indicate that H and D penetrated throughout the film and into the underlying metal, particularly for the Zr-and Nd-containing E717 alloy. Film growth for the UHP Mg involved aspects of both metal outward diffusion and oxygen/hydrogen inward diffusion. In contrast, the film on the Al-containing AZ31B alloy grew primarily by inward oxygen and inward hydrogen diffusion. The 18 O and D profiles for the film formed on E717 were the most complex, with the 18 O data most consistent with inward lattice oxygen diffusion, but the D data suggests inward, short-circuit diffusion through the film. It is speculated that preferential inward short circuit hydrogen transport may have been aided by the presence of nano Zn 2 Zr 3 particles throughout the E717 film. Such hydrogen penetration may have implications from both a corrosion resistance and hydrogen storage perspective. Magnesium alloys are of great interest because they can be used to manufacture lightweight automotive and aircraft structural materials that reduce vehicle weight and improve fuel efficiency.1-3 However, the poor corrosion resistance of Mg is a major challenge.4-6 A key contributor to the poor corrosion resistance of Mg is the inability to establish and/or maintain protective surfaces films. Surface films formed on Mg under ambient air and water conditions typically consist of mixtures of Mg(OH) 2 and MgO, with small amounts of MgCO 3 often also reported.7-12 They provide adequate protection under some circumstances, but are particularly vulnerable to disruption by salt species.The ambient corrosion of Mg differs from many corrosion-resistant structural alloy classes in that the protective surface films can become quite thick, on the order of tens to hundreds of nanometers, rather than the few nanometers typically encountered for protective films on stainless steels, for example. As such, corrosion resistance is influenced not only by classical thin film electrochemical passivity considerations, but also thermodynamic and kinetic considerations typically encountered in thick-film (> 0.5 micron range), high-temperature alloy oxidation phenomena.Isotopic tracer studies have been widely applied to studies of the high-temperature oxidation of alloys (Al, Fe, Ni, and Zr base; SiC), with significant new insights gained regarding the growth mechanism of the oxide films. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Such insights have proven particularly useful for understanding the influence of various alloying additions on film growth, and provide a basis for improved alloy design. For examp...

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Wet oxidation of stainless steels: New insights into hydrogen ingress

et al. 2011

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Abnormal Growth Transport in Oxide Scales on Fe-16Cr Steels in Water Vapor

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Tracer Film Growth Study of the Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys AZ31B and ZE10A in 0.01% NaCl Solution

Tracer Film Growth Study of the Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys AZ31B and ZE10A in 0.01% NaCl Solution

Tracer Film Growth Study of Hydrogen and Oxygen from the Corrosion of Magnesium in Water

Wet oxidation of stainless steels: New insights into hydrogen ingress

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