ABO and Rh(D) blood group frequencies in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland: evidence for the continuing existence of a major politico-religious boundary

Bittles, Alan H.; Smith, Malcolm T.

doi:10.1080/03014469100001572

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is clear from the analyses that religious differences have had a significant effect on the genetic structure of Northern Ireland, in agreement with studies of variation (Smith et al 1990, Bittles andSmith 1991). The impact of religion on genetic structure in Northern Ireland is most likely due to differences in initial settlement augmented by continuing cultural barriers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In addition, the cultural differences between religious groups in Northern Ireland has most likely continued this distinctiveness to some extent. A continuing difference between religious groups has been seen at the local level in the Ards Peninsula (Smith et al 1990, Bittles andSmith 1991), and it seems likely that the same effect is operating in larger units of analysis, although the distinctiveness is not as clear-cut at the county level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The anthropometric analysis of Hooton, Dupertuis and Dawson (1955), while finding significant differences, was primarily descriptive. More recent work on populations of the Ards Peninsula has demonstrated a significant effect of religion on genetic structure, as estimated from ABO and RH blood group frequencies (Bittles and Smith 1991) and surname frequencies (Smith et al 1990, Bittles andSmith 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Influence of religion and birthplace on the genetic structure of Northern Ireland

Relethford

Crawford

1998

Annals of Human Biology

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The effect of geographic and religious subdivision on the genetic structure of Northern Ireland was assessed using data on 10 craniofacial measurements collected on 755 adult males that were born in five counties and belonged to one of three religious affiliations (Catholic, Church of Ireland, Presbyterian). Fifteen samples were defined based on birth county and religious affiliation. Two-way univariate and multivariate analysis of variance shows significant effects of birth county and religious affiliation, with somewhat greater subdivision due to religion. Distance matrix correlations reveal a small, but significant, effect of birth county and religious affiliation on the pattern of genetic distances between the 15 samples, with a slightly greater influence of religion. The Church of Ireland samples show the greatest differences. perhaps revealing the combined influence of differential population origins and religious differences as a barrier to gene flow. Overall, religion has a significant, though minor, influence on genetic variation in Northern Ireland.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Influence of religion and birthplace on the genetic structure of Northern Ireland

Relethford

Crawford

1998

Annals of Human Biology

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Ethnicity and human biology

Pollitzer

1994

American J Hum Biol

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Stanley Garn's book, Human Races (1965), captured the essence of the new genetic concept of ethnic groups as populations which share the same gene pool, shaped by natural selection. Since then new genetic traits, especially DNA polymorphisms, have been employed to build upon his vision. They have proven useful in the forensic sciences, medicine, and the human biology of adaptation, migration, evolution, and phylogeny. Some diseases like sickle cell anemia are controlled by single genes concentrated in a large ethnic group; their alleles are valuable for understanding human biology. Other conditions with a marked genetic component, such as diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis, predominate in certain ethnic groups. The new molecular biology tends to support the migration of farmers from west Asia into Europe in the Neolithic, the isolation of the Basques, and the early entrance of people into the New World. Some DNA data also favor the debatable hypothesis of the development of humanity in Africa and its subsequent dispersal. In many cases linguistic distance parallels genetic distance as language tends to influence gene flow. Apolipoproteins, with alleles unique to one major population group, are useful markers of admixture as well as significant for cardiovascular health. The Gullah-speaking Black people of coastal Carolina are distinctive and close to African ancestors in language, culture, and biology, including genetic markers. Modern research confirms that race (by any name) is quantitative rather than qualitative, relative rather than absolute, and dynamic rather than static. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Anthropometric variation and the population history of Ireland

Relethford

Crawford

1995

American J Phys Anthropol

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Genetic variation among human populations can reflect a combination of contemporary patterns of gene flow and genetic drift as well as long-term population relationships due to population history. We examine the likely impact of past history and contemporary structure on the patterns of anthropometric variation among 31 counties in Ireland (made up of the two nations of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland). Data for 17 anthropometric measures and parent-offspring migration on 7,214 adult Irish males were taken from the large data set originally collected by Dupertuis and Dawson in the mid-1930s (Hooton et al., 1955). Patterns of genetic similarity among 31 counties were assessed using R matrix methods that allow estimation of minimum genetic distances. These distances were compared to distances reflecting history, geography, and migration using matrix permutation methods. The results indicate that among-group variation in Ireland reflects past population history to a much greater extent than contemporary patterns of migration and population size. The midland counties are distinct from other populations, and their history suggests greater genetic input from early Viking invasions. A second major pattern in biological variation is a longitudinal gradient separating western and eastern counties. This gradient appears related to patterns of early settlement and/or a concentration in the east of later immigrants, particularly from England. Comparison of regional means with published data for several other European nations confirms these hypotheses.

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ABO and Rh(D) blood group frequencies in the Ards Peninsula, northeastern Ireland: evidence for the continuing existence of a major politico-religious boundary

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Influence of religion and birthplace on the genetic structure of Northern Ireland

Influence of religion and birthplace on the genetic structure of Northern Ireland

Ethnicity and human biology

Anthropometric variation and the population history of Ireland

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