About DNA databasing and investigative genetic analysis of externally visible characteristics: A public survey

Challenges to Forensic Medicine in the Postmodern Era the Impact of the New Technologies

“…The first use of that technique was outside forensic field, but in a very short period of time researchers discovered how to use it, so as in 1987 it was applied for the identification of the offender in a double rape and homicide case, further being extended to the civil cases, having in this way an important social and political contribution alike (Roewer, 2013). This technique implies the comparison of DNA from two samples: a sample found at the crime scene and a sample collected from the suspect, in this way being possible to establish the match or, on the contrary, the exclusion (Roewer, 2013) as well as to connect an individual to the crime scene (Zieger, Utz, 2015). In cases where investigators obtain samples solely from the crime scene-as in cases where the offender ran away, DNA profile may be compared with DNA profiles stored in databases (Cho, Sankar, 2004).…”

“…A particular significance have lineage markers, such as: Y chromosome, useful in cases when DNA of the female victim exceeds the amount of DNA of the male offender and mitochondrial DNA, useful when the nuclear DNA in the sample is in small amount, as in bone fragments from skeletonized bodies or hair without root (Roewer, 2013). Progress in this field challenged the researchers to be more and more interested to find as much information as possible from DNA molecule, going up to attempt the identification of the nature of the tissue or the time of the day the person left the evidence (Zieger, Utz, 2015).…”

Forensic DNA Phenotyping: A Review in Korean Perspective

“…Because the purpose of FDP is to serve as supplementary investigative tool in various forensic cases to narrow down search pool, there are many legal and ethical, as well as the management concerns that must be resolved [36]. It is clear that FDP is necessary and beneficial in personal identification; however, despite acknowledging such advantages of FDP, some argue that sensitive confidential matters may provoke unwanted discrimination and inconsiderate dragnets can even point fingers to innocent people if poorly managed [37].…”

“…Therefore, the basis of DNA phenotyping should be accompanied by solid legislative framework and should thoroughly be managed by establishing strict control over data handling and interpretation to ensure the confidentiality as the genetic profiling from the investigative prediction model would provide confidential personal information [36][37][38]. It should be designed to apply only to unknown individuals and allow only for predicting features that are as perceptible as to human eyewitnesses by using only the markers that are completely free of any ethical disputes [3,36].…”

Revisión sobre los marcadores del origen biogeográfico y su aplicación en la investigación forense

“…Por lo tanto, una base legal para el análisis del origen biogeográfico debe ir acompañada, además, del marco legal que lo regule exhaustivamente, de unas condiciones previas para el análisis y de unas reglas para el manejo y la interpretación de los datos [53].…”