Abrasive wear of V–Nb–Ti alloyed high-chromium white irons

Bedolla-Jacuinde, A.; Guerra, Francisco V.; Mejı́a, I.; Zuno-Silva, Jorge; Rainforth, W. M.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.049

Cited by 77 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…On the contrary, at loads of 93 N, severe cracking was observed for both M7C3 and NbC carbides (see Figure 12). Carbides cracking at/or below the worn surface has been highlighted by several authors [11,[31][32][33] to be an important cause of surface destabilization during the wear tests. Due to their hardness, carbides are the main responsible for the acceptable wear resistance of these irons; however, if the wear conditions are severe during the test, these carbides may be crushed or fragmented and under these conditions the surface is prone to loss high amounts of material.…”

Section: Wear Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A strategy for this has been to reinforce the as-cast austenitic matrix with harder primary carbides such as niobium, vanadium or titanium carbides. The use of titanium is commonly limited to amounts lower than 2% in these alloys due to difficulty of adding higher amounts in an open furnace during the alloy making [11][12][13]. Additions of more than 2% titanium would only be possible by using a vacuum induction furnace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To get primary vanadium carbides, at least vanadium amounts of 5% are necessary, other way vanadium only reinforces the M 7 C 3 carbide [14][15][16]. In the case of niobium, most works studying the effect of this carbide-forming element are limited to amounts of less than 3% [11,12,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23] but up to 5% have been also produced along with high amounts of Mo and W [24]. Niobium forms primary carbides in the liquid and are later enclosed by austenite upon solidification; the size and distribution of which depends on the solidification rate (thickness of the casting).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Niobium Additions to a 15%Cr–3%C White Iron and Its Effects on the Microstructure and on Abrasive Wear Behavior

Bedolla-Jacuinde

Guerra

Mejı́a

et al. 2019

Metals

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From the present study, niobium additions of 1.79% and 3.98% were added to a 15% Cr–3% C white iron, and their effects on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analyzed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand molds to obtain bars of 45 mm diameter. The alloys were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900 °C for 30 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under three loads (58, 75 and 93 N). The results show that niobium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming niobium carbides at the beginning of the solidification process; thus decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 24% for the iron with 3.98% Nb. However, the overall carbide content was constant at 30%; bulk hardness changed from 48 to 55 hardness Rockwell C (HRC) and the wear resistance was found to have an interesting behavior. At the lowest load, wear resistance for the base iron was 50% lower than that for the 3.98% Nb iron, which is attributed to the presence of hard NbC. However, at the highest load, the wear behavior was quite similar for all the irons, and it was attributed to a severe carbide cracking phenomenon, particularly in the as-cast alloys. After the destabilization heat treatment, the wear resistance was higher for the 3.98% Nb iron at any load; however, at the highest load, not much difference in wear resistance was observed. Such a behavior is discussed in terms of the carbide volume fraction (CVF), the amount of niobium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

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Section: Wear Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Niobium Additions to a 15%Cr–3%C White Iron and Its Effects on the Microstructure and on Abrasive Wear Behavior

Bedolla-Jacuinde

Guerra

Mejı́a

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…При этом для решения задачи синтеза выявлено три основных подхода: параметрическая классификация [8,9], использование традиционных методов планирования эксперимента и регрессионного анализа на основе методов нечеткой математики [10,11]. При этом исследования самого материала выполняется с привлечением знаний металловедческого характера с целью выявления механизмов формирования износостойкости [12,13]. Отдельно вопросы, связанные с управлением качества формовочных смесей с указанием на важность области их применения, описаны в работах [14][15][16], причем акцент в них сделан именно на вопросы математического моделирования на основе методов планирования эксперимента с целью выбора таких составов смесей, которые обеспечивают получение заданного комплекса свойств.…”

Section: анализ литературных данныхunclassified

Research of opportunities for adaptation of computer-integrated mixture preparation systems to conditions of foundries in Ukrainian enterprises producing wear-resistant cast iron

Дымко¹,

Высоцкий²,

Красноухова³

et al. 2016

TAPR

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“…Ji et al demonstrated that the primary VC carbide size and the mean distance can significantly influence the wear resistance of high vanadium high speed steel [11]. A. Bedolla-Jacuinde et al suggested that primary MC and eutectic M 7 C 3 in the high-chromium white irons strengthen the matrix, and the strengthening of the matrix in turn provides better support to the eutectic carbides against cracking [12]. Due to the omplex nature of carbides in steel, in most cases, researchers can only generally link the wear behavior of a material with the size, quantity, distribution and orientation of the carbide's and deduce the operative role and influence of carbides during the wear process [13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of microstructural damage to eutectic carbides from scratch tests of a heat-treated Fe–Cr–W–Mo–V–C alloy

Guo

Feng

Liu

et al. 2016

Wear

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Abstract:The characteristics of abrasive wear damage to the carbides and eutectic phases in a Fe-Cr-W-Mo-V-C alloy were systematically investigated using point scratch testing on heat-treated samples with preserved eutectic structures from a characteristic eutectic carbide formation temperature of 1240°C. A deep-etching method is applied to study the detailed morphologies of the eutectic carbides by optical microscopy (OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The types of the eutectic carbides was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as V-rich eutectic MC and Mo-rich eutectic M 2 C. Single-pass scratch tests were carried out on polished and deep-etched surfaces of the specimens to investigate the micro-scale wear behavior of the eutectic carbides with and without protection by the matrix phase. It was found that, when a surrounding matrix is present, the micro-cracks initiate from the eutectic region during the scratch tests and slip-lines appear in scratched edges of the matrix phase. Without matrix protection as revealed in the deep etched samples, the main failure form is carbide dendrites break-off forming wear debris. The detailed differences in response and deformation mode of carbide microstructures with/without matrix support to single-point abrasion behavior are schematically depicted for main eutectic MC and M 2 C carbides under different loading conditions. Potential 2 improvement on wear performance through the composition design is also discussed based on the different fracture and wear behavior of V-rich eutectic MC and Mo-rich eutectic M 2 C identified

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Abrasive wear of V–Nb–Ti alloyed high-chromium white irons

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Niobium Additions to a 15%Cr–3%C White Iron and Its Effects on the Microstructure and on Abrasive Wear Behavior

Niobium Additions to a 15%Cr–3%C White Iron and Its Effects on the Microstructure and on Abrasive Wear Behavior

Research of opportunities for adaptation of computer-integrated mixture preparation systems to conditions of foundries in Ukrainian enterprises producing wear-resistant cast iron

Investigation of microstructural damage to eutectic carbides from scratch tests of a heat-treated Fe–Cr–W–Mo–V–C alloy

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