Absence of association between reproductive variables and the risk of breast cancer in young women in Sweden and Norway

Adami, Hans‐Olov; Bergström, Reinhold; Lund, Eiliv; Meirik, Olav

doi:10.1038/bjc.1990.242

Cited by 89 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While this apparent protective effect has been revealed in most studies limited to pre-menopausal women, (Byers et al, 1985;Newcomb et al, 1994;Abou-Dakn et al, 2003) one study has also verified a slight protective effect of breast feeding on postmenopausal ones too (Newcomb et al, 1999). In opposing to preceding studies, there are other studies that show breast feeding is unlikely to have an appreciable protective role in reduction of breast cancer risk (MacMahon et al, 1970;Adami et al, 1990;Negri et al, 1996;Andrieu et al, 2006). Some mothers are unable to take advantage of breastfeeding for different variety of reasons.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Do the Different Reasons for Lactation Discontinuation Have Similar Impact on Future Breast Problems?

Ghadiri

Iranpour²,

Yunesian³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Breast feeding is considered to be mutually beneficial for both mothers and infants, though the effect of lactation problems on development of breast lesions (whether benign or malignant) is not clear. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify possible relations between lactation problems and benign and malignant breast disease. Materials and Methods: 308 patients referred to two referral breast clinics in Tehran, the capital city of IR Iran, between January 2008 and January 2011, were recruited. They were interviewed by a standard questionnaire regarding breast feeding problems. The study population was classified in 3 major groups; breast feeding without any problem, unwillingness to breast feed according to whether mothers' preference not to feed or some breast problems like mastitis, and finally insufficient milk that caused the mothers to feed their babies with formula. Results: Recruiting binary logistic regression method, mother's unwillingness to feed her child by breast milk, and also breast problems such as mastitis and abscess during lactation period showed significant relation with both benign and malignant breast diseases (p value<0.01). Surprisingly, inadequate milk was not associated with any of these conditions. Conclusions: We concluded that lactation problems which involve normal milk drainage from the breast may play an important role in whether the mother wll subsequently develope both benign and malignant pathologies. In contrast in the situation that the production of the milk is not sufficient and there are no intentional or unintentional problems in drainage of the produced milk, future problems would not be more common.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Do the Different Reasons for Lactation Discontinuation Have Similar Impact on Future Breast Problems?

Ghadiri

Iranpour²,

Yunesian³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…[40][41][42] Increased production of prolactin during pregnancy and lactation has been implicated as 1 factor promoting mammary carcinogenesis: in another investigation, the incidence of mammary tumors in rats was 2% after low-dose irradiation alone, 41.6% if a prolactin-secreting pituitary transplant was given shortly afterward, and 24% if the prolactinsecreting transplantation was given 12 months after irradiation. 43 In some [13][14][15][16] but not all 44,45 epidemiologic studies, premenopausal breast cancer risk has been increased among parous women or specifically among women who gave birth within the previous 3 to 10 years, consistent with the possible growth-promoting effects of elevated gestational hormones. In the Nurses' Health Study, the increased risk among parous women seems to persist for at least 20 to 30 years following a first pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Breast cancer risk following radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: modification by other risk factors

Hill¹,

Gilbert

Dores

et al. 2005

Blood

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The importance of genetic and other risk factors in the development of breast cancer after radiotherapy (RT) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has not been determined. We analyzed data from a breast cancer case-control study (105 patients, 266 control subjects) conducted among 3 817 survivors of HL diagnosed at age 30 years or younger in 6 population-based cancer registries. Odds ratios (ORs) and excess relative risks (

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“…Although the long-term effect of pregnancy is clearly to reduce breast cancer risk, there is a hypothesized dual effect of pregnancy on risk: a transient increase in risk for roughly three years following the pregnancy, followed by a long-term reduction in risk (Woods et al, 1980;Bruzzi et al, 1988;Adami et al, 1990;Williams et al, 1990;Vatten and Kvinnsland 1992;Cummings et al, 1994;Hsieh et al, 1994;Lambe et al, 1994;Albrektsen et al, 1995;Leon et al, 1995). Because the women in this study were premenopausal and may have experienced a recent pregnancy, we analysed the breastfeeding-breast cancer association separately for women whose most recent full-term pregnancy was within 5 years of their breast cancer diagnosis (or within 5 years of the case's diagnosis for controls) and for women whose most recent full-term pregnancy was 5 years or more before the date of diagnosis (Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breastfeeding history, pregnancy experience and risk of breast cancer

Enger

Ross²,

Henderson³

et al. 1997

Br J Cancer

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Summary Epidemiological evidence suggests that breastfeeding protects against breast cancer. Whether an effect of age at first breastfeeding is independent of an effect of age at first birth is unclear. We hypothesized that nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, which are associated with elevated serum oestradiol levels during pregnancy, may increase risk. Cases were 452 parous, premenopausal women, 40 years or younger, diagnosed with breast cancer in Los Angeles County from July 1983 to December 1988. Control subjects were matched to cases on age, race, parity and neighbourhood. Pregnancy and breastfeeding histories were obtained from in-person interviews. Odds of breast cancer among women who breastfed for at least 16 months relative to those among women who did not breastfeed was 0.66 [95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.41-1.05]. Number of children breastfed was not associated with risk. Risk was lower in women who first breastfed at older ages. Having ever been treated for nausea or vomiting during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk, especially in women experiencing recent pregnancies (OR = 2.03, 95% Cl 1.05-3.92). These results support a protective role of breastfeeding and an adverse role of nausea or vomiting during pregnancy in the development of premenopausal breast cancer, especially in the years immediately following pregnancy.

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Absence of association between reproductive variables and the risk of breast cancer in young women in Sweden and Norway

Cited by 89 publications

References 44 publications

Do the Different Reasons for Lactation Discontinuation Have Similar Impact on Future Breast Problems?

Do the Different Reasons for Lactation Discontinuation Have Similar Impact on Future Breast Problems?

Breast cancer risk following radiotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: modification by other risk factors

Breastfeeding history, pregnancy experience and risk of breast cancer

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