Absence of the infrarenal inferior vena cava with preservation of the suprarenal segment as revealed by CT and MR venography.

Bass, James; Redwine, Michael D.; Kramer, Larry A.; Harris, John H.

doi:10.2214/ajr.172.6.10350299

Cited by 67 publications

(72 citation statements)

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“…Ten patients with DVT, eight men and two women, whose mean age was 25 ± 4.5 [range: [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] years, were diagnosed as having IVCA ( Table 1). Five of them reported having a first-degree relative with a history of venous thrombosis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior vena cava agenesis and deep vein thrombosis: 10 patients and review of the literature

et al. 2010

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Inferior vena cava agenesis (IVCA) is a rare condition, found in almost 5% of patients under 30 years old with unprovoked deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We describe 10 consecutive patients with IVCA-associated DVT and conducted an extensive literature review to investigate the typical spectrum of IVCA-associated DVT. Among our patients (eight men and two women; mean age, 25 ± 4.5 years), DVT followed intense and unusual (major) physical activity for eight of them. DVT was bilateral in six patients and unilateral in four. Ultrasonography was unable to detect IVCA, which was visualized by computed-tomography scans for seven patients, and magnetic resonance imaging and angiography for 10. Hereditary thrombophilia screening, to detect factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene heterozygosity (G20210A mutation), was positive for only two patients. Wearing elastic stockings and taking an indefinite or long-term vitamin K antagonist were prescribed for all 10 patients and nine complied with the latter. To date, 62 patients with IVCA-associated DVT have been reported in the English literature. Analysis of them and our patients yielded a typical spectrum of IVCA-associated DVT characteristics: IVCA occurs in young adults, particularly males, and is revealed by proximal DVT following major physical exertion. All were treated with a prolonged vitamin K antagonist and advised to wear elastic stockings. No precise duration of anticoagulation has been established.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferior vena cava agenesis and deep vein thrombosis: 10 patients and review of the literature

et al. 2010

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“…Different types of these abnormalities were recorded, to date reached 15 types, and the most common ones are double IVC, complete agenesis of the IVC, left IVC and Azygos continuation [1,4,7,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The etiology of IVC agenesis is controversial in literature. One of the suggestions put the possibility of thrombosis in the perinatal period as an origin for its disappearance; hence no embryological abnormalities are seen [1,3,9]. IVC agenesis or hypoplasia may be accompanied by other congenital abnormalities like splenic anomalies, pulmonary dysgenesis, intestinal rotations, renal agenesis and dextrocardia [1,3,4,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absent Inferior Vena Cava with Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis

Mustafa¹

2015

Int J Vasc Surg Med

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Introduction: A congenitally absent inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare condition that is recognized to be associated with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), especially in young adults. It may be not apparent until later in life.Case presentation: a previously healthy 24 years old male presented with left leg swelling and pain during walking, two years ago. During this admission he was investigated and diagnosed as absent IVC. He developed same manifestation but this time of the right side one year later.Conclusion: patients with congenital IVC anomalies associated with DVT are significantly younger in comparison to patients with isolated DVT of the lower limbs.ultrasonography of the lower limbs diagnosis of DVT was made in which thrombosis extended from left common iliac vein, external iliac vein, internal iliac vein, common femoral vein, popliteal vein, great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein. Contrast enhanced CT of abdomen and pelvis (Figure 1a and 1b) revealed absent IVC, blood drained from iliac veins through lumber veins to Azygos vein and from it to superior vena cava. Associated with superficial subcutaneous collateral formations mostly on the right side and sever varicose vein formations in the abdomen, both in peritoneal and retroperitoneal areas.The patient was admitted to hospital, treated by low molecular weight heparin [enoxaparin] and oral anticoagulation (warfarin). Warfarin was continued for 6 months and international normalized ratio (INR) maintained between 2-3. At the end of the treatment the patient still had mild ankle edema and almost complete venous recanalization, confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography.Investigations to exclude thrombophilia were performed by dosing antithrombin, homocysteine, protein C and S, factor V of leiden and prothrombin mutation, the results all were negative. The patient denied any previous history of thrombosis. There was no family history of thrombosis.Six months after stopping the anticoagulation the patient developed DVT for the second time but this time of the right side. Doppler ultrasonography of the right lower limb show thrombosis extended from right common iliac vein, internal iliac vein, external iliac vein common femoral and popliteal vein. Because of the recurrence of thrombosis for the second time so the decision to continue oral anticoagulation for life was made. DiscussionAbnormalities of IVC and its tributaries are rare [1,2,4,8].Different types of these abnormalities were recorded, to date reached 15 types, and the most common ones are double IVC, complete agenesis of the IVC, left IVC and Azygos continuation [1,4,7,9]. IntroductionDeep venous thrombosis (DVT) is relevant because of its high frequency and morbidity/ mortality rates. Its prevalence in the western population is estimated to be 1:1,000 individuals per year [1][2][3]. The prevalence varies according to age, being 10 times lower in 20-40 years old individuals than in older age groups [2,3].In young patients, its etiology is frequently associated with risk factors like congen...

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“…To date, 15 different types have been reported, and the most common ones are left IVC, double The embryogenesis of the IVC is a complex event that involves formation, regression and fusion of three pairs of embryonic veins 1,3,7,8,10 . The infrahepatic segment of the IVC may be divided in three parts: suprarenal, renal and infrarenal; the right subcardinal vein becomes the suprarenal segment; the supracardinal anastomoses with the subcardinal vein originates the renal segment, and the infrarenal segment emerges from the right supracardinal vein 1,5,8,9 . Agenesis of the IVC suggests the simultaneous occurrence of a defect in all three embryonic segments 1,4,6,8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors suggest that thrombosis on the IVC during the perinatal period is the origin of its disappearance, hence no embryologic abnormalities are seen 1,3,9 . IVC agenesis or hypoplasia may be accompanied by other congenital abnormalities such as splenic anomalies, disorders of intestinal rotation, pulmonary dysgenesis, renal agenesis, dextrocardia and other congenital heart diseases 1,3,4,9,11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agenesia de veia cava inferior associada à trombose venosa profunda

et al. 2010

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A agenesia da veia cava inferior é uma anomalia congênita rara, que foi recentemente identificada como um importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento e a recorrência de trombose venosa profunda de membros inferiores em jovens. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso de uma paciente que apresentou trombose venosa profunda dois meses após a realização de cirurgia de varizes. A angiotomografia computadorizada demonstrou a presença de anomalia venosa complexa com ausência da veia cava inferior.

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Absence of the infrarenal inferior vena cava with preservation of the suprarenal segment as revealed by CT and MR venography.

Cited by 67 publications

References 5 publications

Inferior vena cava agenesis and deep vein thrombosis: 10 patients and review of the literature

Inferior vena cava agenesis and deep vein thrombosis: 10 patients and review of the literature

Absent Inferior Vena Cava with Recurrent Deep Venous Thrombosis

Agenesia de veia cava inferior associada à trombose venosa profunda

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