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Straub, H. C.; Renault, P.; Lindsay, B. G.; Smith, K. A.; Stebbings, R. F.

doi:10.1103/physreva.54.2146

Cited by 303 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Figure 5 shows this comparison for non-dissociative ionization. The present cross section (continuous line) is in very good agreement with the experimental data [36,37,38,39]. The only theoretical data set available [19] is based on the Gryzinski theory combined with the Franck-Condon theory and perfectly reproduces the present data.…”

Section: Ionization Cross Sectionssupporting

confidence: 77%

Vibrationally resolved ionization cross sections for the ground state and electronically excited states of the hydrogen molecule

Wünderlich

2011

Chemical Physics

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Ionization cross sections for the hydrogen molecule have been calculated by applying the classical Gryzinski theory combined with the Franck-Condon theory. It is shown that -if the reaction channels, Franck-Condon factors and Franck-Condon densities are taken into account properly -the calculated cross sections for ionization of the molecular ground state X 1 Σ + g (v ′ = 0) are in almost perfect agreement with the latest and most reliable experimental results. A comprehensive database is established which includes vibrationally resolved cross sections for non-dissociative and dissociative ionization of the molecular ground state as well as for the first five non-repulsive electronically excited states in the molecule.

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Section: Ionization Cross Sectionssupporting

confidence: 77%

Vibrationally resolved ionization cross sections for the ground state and electronically excited states of the hydrogen molecule

Wünderlich

2011

Chemical Physics

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“…These values are basically of the same order as the ones estimated, both experimentally and theoretically, for the usual processes mentioned above. 13,14 They are only a factor of three smaller then the values for ionization at these two energies. 14 The first distinguishable aspect to be noted is the energy dependence presented by equation 19.…”

Section: Numerical Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…13,14 They are only a factor of three smaller then the values for ionization at these two energies. 14 The first distinguishable aspect to be noted is the energy dependence presented by equation 19. In contrast to the cases of inter-band, ionization and dissociation processes, the CBOP differential cross section presents no maximum; it increases with increasing incident energy and goes asymptotically to a value around 0.07 (in units of πa 2 0 ), as shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Numerical Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Using the partial waves expansion (14) where j  (Qr) is a spherical Bessel's function, equation 13 becomes (15) The orthonormality relation for the spherical harmonics has been used in the above equation. An interesting feature is that the radial integral involving the spherical Bessel's function in this equation is independent of Q, having a value equal to 1/3.…”

Section: Electron Energy-loss Cross Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron energy-loss cross sections for the chemical bond overlap plasmon Of the hydrogen molecule

Malta¹,

Moura²,

Longo³

2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Examinamos a possibilidade de detectar o plásmon da região de recobrimento da ligação química (CBOP) da molécula de hidrogênio através do espalhamento inelástico de elétrons. Foi previsto que o CBOP absorve e espalha eficientemente a radiação eletromagnética acima do limiar de ionização molecular para o caso dos halogenetos de metais alcalinos. Para a molécula de hidrogênio, a natureza quadrupolar da seção de choque do CBOP fornece valores de seção de choque para perda de energia que dependem da energia do feixe de elétrons incidente e um comportamento angular que é totalmente distinto da ionização usual, das transições inter-bandas e dos processos dissociativos. Algumas relações obtidas anteriormente entre o CBOP e a polarizabilidade da região de recobrimento sugerem ser essa grandeza uma ferramenta teórica promissora na quantificação da covalência em ligações químicas.We examine the possibility of detecting the chemical bond overlap plasmon (CBOP) of the hydrogen molecule by electron inelastic scattering. The CBOP has been predicted to efficiently absorb and scatter electromagnetic radiation above the molecular ionization threshold in the cases of alkali halides. For the hydrogen molecule the quadrupole nature of the CBOP energy-loss cross section leads to cross section values with impacting electron energy dependence and an angular behavior which are totally distinguishable from the usual ionization, inter-band transitions and dissociation processes. Previously established relationships between the CBOP and the polarizability of the overlap region suggest this an a promising theoretical tool for quantifying covalency in the chemical bond.

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“…Taking into account that the EUV photon energy, in this case, is equal to 112 eV, corresponding to maximum intensity of the EUV spectrum [9], the energy of subsequently released photoelectron is close to 100 eV, thus is sufficiently high for further ionization or excitation. This value corresponds to a maximum cross section for electron impact ionization of molecular nitrogen σ (N + 2 , N + + N 2+ 2 ), which in this case, reaches value of σ = 2.5 × 10 −16 cm 2 [12]. Taking into account the lowest gas density, used in the experiment, it results in a mean free path of photoelectrons equal to ∼0.4 mm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous treatment of polymer surface by EUV radiation and ionized nitrogen

et al. 2012

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In this paper chemical modification of a poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface by extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation in a presence of ionized nitrogen was demonstrated for the first time. Nitrogen gas, injected into an interaction region, was ionized and excited by the EUV radiation from a laser-plasma source. The ionization degree and excited states of nitrogen were investigated using EUV spectrometry and the corresponding spectra are presented. Chemical mod- ification of polymer after combined EUV and ionized nitrogen treatment was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A significant contribution of nitrogen atoms in near-surface layer of the polymer after the treatment was demonstrated.Polymers are widely used in industry because of good mechanical properties and their resistance to environmental factors. For some applications, however, surface properties of polymers must be modified. The modification may concern hydrophobicity, wettability, adsorption, adhesion, optical or other surface properties and is associated with some changes in physicochemical structure of the near-surface layer. Different methods can be employed for surface structuring, including chemical [1], plasma [2], or radiation treatment. In the last case, ultraviolet (UV) lamps or UV lasers are mainly used [3][4][5]. Photons emitted from these sources can excite electrons from the valence band of polymer materials. Molecular electronic structure of the materials has some resonances, hence, excitation rate depends on energy of the irradiating photons and strongly influences the absorption depth. The excited states can relax through radiative or non-radiative processes. In case of polymers one of the possible radiationless channels corresponds to bond breaking of the polymer chain. This can result in formation of volatile fractions or in changes in chemical structure and composition of the polymer molecules. Some volatile fractions are released from irradiated layer resulting in smooth ablation or modification of the surface morphology due to a preferential dry etching of an amorphous polymer. For some applications incorporation of some functional groups into the polymer molecules is necessary. In such cases irradiation is being performed in a reactive atmosphere [4].

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Absolute partial cross sections for electron-impact ionization ofH2,N2

Cited by 303 publications

References 17 publications

Vibrationally resolved ionization cross sections for the ground state and electronically excited states of the hydrogen molecule

Vibrationally resolved ionization cross sections for the ground state and electronically excited states of the hydrogen molecule

Electron energy-loss cross sections for the chemical bond overlap plasmon Of the hydrogen molecule

Simultaneous treatment of polymer surface by EUV radiation and ionized nitrogen

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