Absorption Activity of Cassava Peel (Manihot utilissima) as Chromium (VI) Metal Biosorbent in Electroplating Waste

Abstract

Electroplating is a process of metal veneering with another metal using the electric energy. The water waste of electroplating industry contains many kinds of heavy metal ions, especially chromium (VI) which might cause pollutions if it was not processed and it presents above the threshold allowed. The use of cellulose can be a solution, because it has the functional groups which form bonding with the metal ions. Cassava peel is one of the sources of cellulose which contains 80-85% of cellulose. This proves that cassava peel (Manihot utilissimaI) has the potential as the heavy metal biosorbent of chromium metal in electroplating waste. The methodology of the research is conducted in a series including analysis of heavy metal concentrations of chromium (VI) in electroplating waste. Biosorption treatment of cassava peel (Manihot utilissimaI) biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M in electroplating waste conducted in the batch method. Analysis of heavy metal concentrations of chromium (VI) in electroplating waste was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) after biosorbtion process. Variation of biosorbent mass were (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) grams, and variation of biosorbent contact time were (10,20, 30, 40, 50) minutes. The analysis result recorded by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) showed that the level of total chromium in electroplating waste reaches 2.0777 ± 0.2785 ppm. Accordingly, the chromium test solution used in this research was 2 ppm to measure the optimum conditions of % chromium (VI) adsorbed with variation of mass and contact time. From the results of this research, the optimum mass and contact time of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M in % chromium (VI) adsorbed were 0.1 gram and 40 minutes, respectively. Finally, the optimum mass and contact time of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M has applied to electroplating waste. The % chromium adsorbed in electroplating waste with the addition of cassava peel biosorbent activated by HNO 3 1.5 M was measured in average of 61.72%.

Structure, Morphological, and Physicochemical Characteristics of a New Composite Coagulant Made From Polyaluminium Chloride and Agro-waste of Tapioca Peel

“…Meanwhile, the fraction of the waste itself consists of 30% dry weight and 70% water. The dry weight percentage can be further fractioned into 27% hemicellulose, 14% cellulose, 11% lignin, 10% crude bre, and 3.5% protein, with a little amount of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content [35,36,37,38]. The harmful content of HCN in peel waste is such a great concern to the environment.…”

“…Starch has been recognised as the most extensively studied coagulant aid due to its biodegradability and susceptibility to modi cation [42]. Various past reviews and studies have reported the potential of tapioca peel in water and wastewater remediation [36,40,43,44,45,46]. The application of tapioca peel is mostly made in the form of activated carbon, which is also known as a cheap bio-adsorbent in the engineering discipline.…”

“…The peel is chemically modi ed using the respective concentration of acids to stimulate the particular cell wall and surface [43]. The bio-adsorbent has been widely used for sequestering heavy metal ions [32,36,40], mine water treatment [43], gas puri cation, and uid detoxi cation [45]. Agro-wastes such as banana peel, coconut coir, and tapioca peel are proven to have these unique metal-binding sites, which can provide enough capacities to remove heavy metals from polluted water at minimal cost [47].…”

Optimization of Sumatera Bentonite by Ammonium-impregnated as a Coagulant for Cassava Wastewater Treatment

“…The Cassava processing generates up to 2.75-6.3 m 3 of solid waste for every ton of raw materials (Cooke et al, 1988;Hasanudin et al, 2019;Kuczman et al, 2017;Ocieczek et al, 2022). According to Ratnadewi et al (2016) , cassava waste compiles 16% of the total root weight with 70% wastewater that is fractioned into hemicellulose of 27%, cellulose of 14%, lignin of 11%, the raw fiber of 10%, and protein of 3.5% with an insufficient of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) substance (Adebowale et al, 2008;Candrawati et al, 2017;de Souza, 2021;Eke-emezie et al, 2022;Photharin et al, 2022). Direct cassava wastewater disposal might initiate the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and soil contamination due to the high composition of organic matter and toxic cyanide (Nnaji and Akanno, 2022;Acchar and da Silva, 2020;de Souza, 2021).…”