Absorption and translocation of dieldrin by forage crops

In greenhouse experiments, soybean, wheat, corn, alfalfa, bromegrass, and cucumber seedlings took up various amounts of DDT, dieldrin, endrin, and heptachlor residues from five soils treated with 0.5 or 5.0 ppm insecticide. Residue concentrations in plants were usually well below the soil treatment rates, though endrin and heptachlor residues in alfalfa and bromegrass exceeded the treatment rate of some soils. The order of residue uptake in increasing amounts was DDT < dieldrin < endrin < heptachlor. Correlations calculated between residues in seedlings and several soil characteristics revealed that organic matter negatively affected the uptake of DDT, dieldrin, and heptachlor. Silt negatively affected endrin uptake. Soil moisture content at 0.33 bar tension negatively affected DDT and dieldrin uptake by alfalfa. No significant correlations were found between uptake and soil pH, cation exchange capacity, or clay content. Soil analysis, 14 or 20 months after insecticide application, revealed residues of the insecticides, in increasing order of persistence, to be heptachlor < dieldrin ≈ endrin < DDT. Correlations calculated between residues in soils and the soil characteristics above, revealed that persistence was positively correlated with soil organic matter.

Section: --------------------mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Seedling Uptake of DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, and Heptachlor from Soils¹

Beal¹,

Nash²

1969

“…The fruit, seeds and rinds contained higter dieldrin concentrations than the pulp. Wheeler et al (14) observed higher concentrations of dieldrin in the "stems" than in the "tops" (leafy portion above the stems) of 3-week-old wheat plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…1, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-octahydro-l, 4-endo-exo-5, 8dimethanonaphthalene) is an organochlorine insecti-cidt~ which has been used extensively for insect control during the past decade. Dieldrin degrades very slowly in natural systems (15) and residues in the soil are available for plant uptake (2,8,14). More sensitive methods of determination of dieldrin in commercial crops and agricultural products, made possible by improved analytical techniques, have resulted in restrictive labeling ( 11 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ability of the aerial portions of crops to accumulate dieldrin residues from soil is well documented (2,8,14), few reports have appeared in the literature concerning the sites of dieldrin accumulation in plants. Dieldrin residues were found in all above ground portions, including the grain, of mature wheat grown in a sand-vermiculite mixture treated with 20 ppm of dieldrin (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dieldrin Translocation and Accumulation in Corn¹

Beestman¹,

Keeney²,

Chesters³

1969

The translocation and sites of accumulation of dieldrin in corn were investigated in greenhouse experiments using C14‐dieldrin. Surface and subsurface horizon soil samples from three catenal soils were treated with 1 and 5 ppm of dieldrin, and the corn was harvested 39, 69, or 90 days after emergence. At the final harvest, the corn had reached full maturity with normally developed ears. The stalks below the 5th node were the primary site of dieldrin localization, and contained 70 to 90% of the total dieldrin contained in the plant. Dieldrin accumulated in corn in the following order: Lower stalks > lower leaves > upper stalks > upper leaves > ears. Evidence was obtained of dieldrin translocation from the leaves and stalks into the developing ears. Dieldrin translocation within the plant was dependent throughout the growing season on dieldrin application rate and soil characteristics. Dieldrin concentrations in the mature ears were in the order: cobs > car leaves > kernels.

“…Crops can be contaminated aerially by intentional, direct application of insecticides for pest control or by indirect ways such as spray or dust drift and wind-borne insecticide-treated :mils. Some insecticides are root-absorbed directly from treated soil, then translocated to aerial portions of plants (2,4,5,6,9,13,16,22,24,26). Another possible pathway of contamination is insecticide vaporization from soil (3,8,II,12,17,25) and sorption of these vapors by aerial portions of plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Insecticide Residues in Soybean Plant Tops: Root vs. Vapor Sorption¹

Beall¹,

Nash²

1971

Soybeans were grown in specially constructed pots to determine the amount of residue contamination in plant tops from 20 ppm surface or subsurface soil‐applied 14C‐labeled p,p'‐DDT, dieldrin, endrin, or heptachlor. Regardless of the insecticide treatment, plant tops were contaminated by both root sorption and foliar sorption of vapors emanating from the soil. Root sorption was the major source of contamination by dieldrin, endrin, and heptachlor, though vapor sorption of dieldrin was nearly as great. Foliar contamination by vapor sorption of DDT residues was nearly seven times greater than for root sorption. Foliar contamination from vapor sorption of residues from all four insecticides was near the same order of magnitude, about 6.5 ppm plant dry weight, whereas contamination from root sorption from endrin was 38, heptachlor 21, dieldrin 11, and DDT 1 ppm. Plant parts were assayed by several methods. Although residue concentrations were different for each insecticide, both the apparent plant degradation and mobility of the insecticide, or degradation products, were: DDT ≥ heptachlor > endrin > dieldrin where root sorption was the source of residue. One heptachlor degradation product, in addition to heptachlor epoxide, two endrin degradation products, and p,p'‐DDE and p,p'‐DDD were found.