Crop Seedling Uptake of DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, and Heptachlor from Soils<sup>1</sup>

Beal, M. L.; Nash, Ralph G.

doi:10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100040027x

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In each case, plants grown in the Lakeland sl soil concentrated more insecticide than plants grown in the Hagerstown sicl soil. The lower organic matter content of the Lakeland soil (0.9%), as compared to the Hagerstown soil (2.5%), was probably responsible for the greater concentrations (2). The soybeans grew more vigorously in the Lakeland soil, whereas cotton grew more vigorously in the Hagerstown soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Plant Uptake of Chlorinated Insecticides from Soils

Nash¹,

Beall²,

Woolson

1970

Agronomy Journal

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Soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr., var. ‘Clark’) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., var. ‘Acala 4‐42’) were grown in Lakeland sandy loam and Hagerstown silty clay loam soils treated with 0.5 ppm 14C‐DDT, ‐dieldrin, ‐endrin, and ‐heptachlor. Periodically, the top portion of one plant per pot was harvested and assayed for insecticide. At maturity, the seed and cotton lint were separated from the hay and assayed separately. Two methods of assay were used, i.e., gas‐liquid chromatography and 14C counting by liquid scintillation. Total 14C‐residue concentrations in soybeans for all four insecticides increased linearly during active growth stages, whereas highest 14C‐residues in cotton were found at the first harvest. No parent DDT or heptachlor was detected in any of the soybean or cotton samples by gas‐liquid chromatographic determination, though small amounts of unidentified DDT residues were detected by liquid‐scintillaton counting of plant extracts of both species. Heptachlor epoxide was present in soybeans at less than 0.1 ppm in hay and less than 0.04 ppm in seed. No heptachlor epoxide was detected in cotton, but unidentified 14C‐heptachlor residues were present at an equivalent of less than 0.065 ppm. Dieldrin residues ranged as high as 0.3 ppm in soybean hay and 0.09 ppm in seed. Endrin residues ranged as high as 0.5 ppm in soybean hay and 0.1 ppm in seed, though actual endrin was less than these values. Dieldrin and endrin residues in cotton hay were below 0.03 ppm and none was detected in seed or lint. The use of 14C‐labeled insecticides demonstrated that all 14C‐residues were not removed from plants. Furthermore, discrepencies between gas‐liquid chromatography and 14C determinations of plant extracts indicated endrin degradation products were present. Soil type influenced the plant uptake of these insecticides, especially endrin. Plants grown in the Lakeland s1 soil concentrated greater insecticide amounts than the Hagerstown sicl, presumably because of the lower organic matter content of the Lakeland soil. Cotton removed considerably more insecticides from soils than soybeans because of their greater mass. Based on these results, cropping would not be an efficient method of removing chlorinated insecticides from contaminated soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Plant Uptake of Chlorinated Insecticides from Soils

Nash¹,

Beall²,

Woolson

1970

Agronomy Journal

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“…It was found that dieldrin readily remained in vegetables in the 1960s. 4,9,10,[20][21][22][23][24][25] In this study, we obtained levels of drins residue in cucumbers. Dieldrin residue over the tolerance (0.02 ppm) was detected in 12 samples, which is 3.6% of 330 cucumbers produced in Tokyo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieldrin Residue in the Soil and Cucumber from Agricultural Field in Tokyo

Hashimoto

2005

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Soil samples were obtained from 814 farms in Tokyo in 2002. Dieldrin residue was detected in 85 soil samples at concentrations ranging from 0.01 ppm to 2.6 ppm. The residual amount in 70% of dieldrin-positive samples was 0.1 ppm or less. Concentrations of dieldrin residue in cucumbers cultivated in Tokyo exceeded the tolerable level (0.02 ppm) and ranged from 0.02 ppm to 0.1 ppm in 12 of 330 samples. The horizontal distribution of dieldrin in fields was not uniform and the range varied from the quantitative limit (0.01 ppm) to 0.73 ppm. The vertical distribution of dieldrin was also inconsistent. With deeply plowed fields, the vertical distribution was from the surface to a depth of 70 cm, although dieldrin was detected at 30 cm in fields that had not been plowed. As the cucumber roots grew about 1 m in the horizontal and vertical directions, we need to analyze soil samples to a depth of 1 m to prevent dieldrin residue from contaminating cucumbers.

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“…Plant uptake is affected by a number of factors including levels of soil organic matter (Beall & Nash 1969;Fuhremann & Lichtenstein 1980), species (Beall & Nash 1969;Verma & Pillai 1991b;Schlosserova 1992), soil residue level (Nash 1968;Beall & Nash 1969), and plant fat content (Newsom 1967). Results of several studies where DDT accumulation has been recorded are summarised in Table 1.…”

Section: Uptake By Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%