Absorption, distribution, &amp; metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. II. Distribution &amp; metabolic fate of dalapon in plants.

Foy, Chester L.

doi:10.1104/pp.36.5.698

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…When acute toxicity was not limiting, dalapon was apparently still being transported out of the section after 2 weeks. Washing experiments with corn and short term tests with radioactive dalapon indicated that penetration or absorption into the conducting tissues of the plant must also continue for considerably longer periods than the drop remains visible to the naked eye (12). No symptoms of burning were noticeable in these tests after 8 hours and few developed in the longer treatments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applied drop, as it dries, becomes more and more concentrated in dalapon and Vatsol OT, both of which become toxic as the concentration is increased. In other experiments, the pH of aqueous spray solutions of dalapon and the rate and kind of surfactant have been found to influence penetration and acute toxicity under certain conditions (12,15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However gross physiological responses of plants to dalapon have been described (12,31). The general processes of absorption, translocation, growth regulation, and herbicidal action have been reviewed recently (9, 10,24,30,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl³⁶- and C¹⁴-labeled dalapon

Foy

1961

Plant Physiol.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl³⁶- and C¹⁴-labeled dalapon

Foy

1961

Plant Physiol.

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“…Some may question the use of radioautographs as evidence for movement of specific compounds point- ' Received February 7,1959 …”

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confidence: 99%

Further Studies on Comparative Mobility of Labeled Herbicides.

Crafts¹

1959

Plant Physiol.

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“…However, evidence for entry by aqueous solutions is conflicting. Skoss (15) and others (3,8,9) In studies by the fluorescent (lye method (6), 0.1 % (w/v) solutions of the fluorochrome sodium 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrenetrisulfonate were applied as droplets or by immersion of the test leaves in the dye solution. Penetration of surfactant-free solution was usually compared with that of solutions containing the anionic surfactant Vatsol OT (sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate).…”

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confidence: 99%

Foliar penetration by chemicals

1961

Plant Physiol.

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The unperforated cuticle, breaks in the cuticle, aild openings in the epidermis, such as stomata and hydathodes, are possible sites of entry for foliarapplied chemicals. The cuticle is a barrier to penetration, but it is not impenetrable. Cuticular penetration has been amply demonstrated by application of chemicals to the stomata-free surface of hypostomatous leaves (3. 14, 19) and by applications in the dark when the stomata were closed (10,16,20). Yet the exact nature of cuticular entry is not known.Some suggested preferential pathways include epidermal cells above veins (18), hairs (7), anticlinal walls of epidermal cells (14), guard cell walls (21), and tears or punctures (13).The problem of stomatal penetration has received much attention in the past, and stomatal entry by oils is well known (5). However, evidence for entry by aqueous solutions is conflicting. Skoss (15) and others (3,8,9) In studies by the fluorescent (lye method (6), 0.1 % (w/v) solutions of the fluorochrome sodium 3-hydroxy-5,8,10-pyrenetrisulfonate were applied as droplets or by immersion of the test leaves in the dye solution. Penetration of surfactant-free solution was usually compared with that of solutions containing the anionic surfactant Vatsol OT (sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate). At the end of the test period, nonabsorbed dye was removed by waslhing in running water, and the leaves were examiined and photographed in ultraviolet light. A relative measure of dye penetration was obtained by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the treated leaves with the Photovolt model 501-M photometer equipped with a filter to remove the ultraviolet wave lengths. The meter readings were corrected for the primiiary fluorescence of untreated leaves.In studies using fluorescent dye and radioactive tracers in combination, the test solutions contained 0.1 % fluorochrome and 0.1 Ac of radioactive isotope (specific activity c. one uc/mole) per 0.01 ml. A 0.01-ml droplet was placed on the lower surface of each leaf. After a 5 minute treatment period, the leaves were washed in running water. Photographs were taken showing fluorochrome distribution, and radioautograms were prepared to determine isotope location. In addition, the activity of each leaf was assayed with a thin window G-M tube and Tracerlab 1000 Scaler.The third method used was the prussian blue precipitation method (14) for detecting the penetration and internal movement of iron. Zebrina leaves were immersed for 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes in 10 % ferric sulfate with or without surfactant (Vatsol OT). The washed leaves were cut into centimeter sections and infiltrated under vacuunm with 10 % potassium ferrocyanide. Freezing iimicrotonme sections were cut from tissue fixed overnight in dilute formalin.Leaves (lesignated as controls were carried through the samle procedure omitting the ferric sulfate treatment.

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Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. II. Distribution & metabolic fate of dalapon in plants.

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl³⁶- and C¹⁴-labeled dalapon

Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl³⁶- and C¹⁴-labeled dalapon

Further Studies on Comparative Mobility of Labeled Herbicides.

Foliar penetration by chemicals

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Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. II. Distribution & metabolic fate of dalapon in plants.

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl36- and C14-labeled dalapon

Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl36- and C14-labeled dalapon

Further Studies on Comparative Mobility of Labeled Herbicides.

Foliar penetration by chemicals

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Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl³⁶- and C¹⁴-labeled dalapon

Absorption, distribution, & metabolism of 2,2-dichloropropionic acid in relation to phytotoxicity. I. Penetration & translocation of Cl³⁶- and C¹⁴-labeled dalapon