Absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of lactating dairy cows as influenced by volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and rumen liquid volume

Dijkstra, J.; Bôer, H.; Bruchem, J. van; Bruining, M.; Tamminga, S.

doi:10.1079/bjn19930041

Cited by 214 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…In the current study, ruminal total SCFA concentration, which does not necessarily reflect the rate of production as absorption and passage are not accounted for (Dijkstra et al, 1993), was greater (118 v. 95 mM) in cattle fed LF compared with HF. In addition, the greater ruminal osmolality in LF-than HF-fed cattle reflected the changes in total SCFA concentration that could be attributed to a greater ruminal supply of rapidly fermentable CHO as a result of higher dietary starch content and DMI.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Relative contribution of ruminal buffering systems to pH regulation in feedlot cattle fed either low- or high-forage diets

Chibisa

Beauchemin

Penner

2016

Animal

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The relative contribution of ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) absorption and salivary buffering to pH regulation could potentially change under different dietary conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of altering the ruminal supply of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate (CHO) on absorptive function and salivation in beef cattle. Eight heifers (mean BW ± SD = 410 ± 14 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a crossover design with 37-day periods. Dietary treatments were barley silage at 30% low forage (LF) or 70% high forage (HF) of dietary dry matter (DM), with the remainder of the diet consisting of barley grain (65% or 25% on a DM basis) and a constant level (5%) of supplement. The LF and HF diets contained 45.3% and 30.9% starch, and 4.1% and 14.0% physically effective fiber (DM basis), respectively. Ruminal pH was continuously measured from day 17 to day 23, whereas ruminal fluid was collected on day 23 to determine SCFA concentration. Ruminal liquid passage rate was determined on day 23 using Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Eating or resting salivation was measured by collecting masticate (days 28 and 29) or saliva samples (days 30 and 31) at the cardia, respectively. On days 30 and 31, the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo-rumen technique was used to measure total, and Cl − -competitive (an indirect measure of protein-mediated transport) absorption of acetate, propionate and butyrate. As a result of the higher dietary starch content and DM intake, the ruminal supply of rapidly fermentable CHO, total ruminal SCFA concentration (118 v. 95 mM; P < 0.001) and osmolality (330 v. 306 mOsm/kg; P = 0.018) were greater in cattle fed LF compared with HF. In addition, feeding LF resulted in a longer duration (2.50 v. 0.09 h/day; P = 0.02) and a larger area (0.44 v. 0.01 (pH × h)/day; P = 0.050) that pH was below 5.5. There was no diet effect on total and Cl − -competitive absorption (mmol/h and %/h) of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFA (acetate + propionate + butyrate), but eating salivation was less (131 v. 152 ml/min; P = 0.02), and resting salivation tended to be less (87 v. 104 ml/min; P = 0.10) in cattle fed an LF diet. In summary, lower ruminal pH in cattle with greater rapidly fermentable CHO intake was attributed to an increase in SCFA production and decrease in salivation, which were not compensated for by an increase in epithelial permeability.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Relative contribution of ruminal buffering systems to pH regulation in feedlot cattle fed either low- or high-forage diets

Chibisa

Beauchemin

Penner

2016

Animal

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“…This can originate in differences between VFA in their fractional absorption rate (C2 , C3 , C4, Bergman, 1990) and from the differential effect of pH on the absorption rates of the VFA. This effect increases with chain length (Dijkstra et al, 1993), as a function of pKa (Pitt et al, 1996;Noziè re and Hoch, 2006). Despite good within-experiment relationships between the VFA profiles in the production and the VFA profiles in the rumen fluid, inter-experiment variability remained high, particularly for C4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Despite good within-experiment relationships between the VFA profiles in the production and the VFA profiles in the rumen fluid, inter-experiment variability remained high, particularly for C4. To assess whether different absorption rates may explain the differences across studies, we performed dynamic simulations of rumen VFA pools, with VFA fractional absorption rates depending on rumen pH (estimated from VFA concentration if not reported in the publications), VFA concentration and rumen volume (Dijkstra et al, 1993;Noziè re and Hoch, 2006). The simulations suggested that the differences in pH, VFA concentrations or rumen volume were insufficient to explain the differences between production and concentration profiles across studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Nozière

Glasser

Sauvant

2011

Animal

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Despite their major contribution to the energy supply of ruminants, the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen is still poorly predicted by rumen models. We have developed an empirical approach, based on the interpretation of large bibliographic databases gathering published in vivo measurements of ruminal VFA production rate (PR), rates of duodenal and faecal digestion and molar percentages of VFA in the rumen. These databases, covering a wide range of intake levels and dietary composition, were studied by meta-analysis using within-experiment models. We established models to quantify response laws of total VFA-PR and individual VFA molar percentages in the rumen to variations in intake level and dietary composition. The rumen fermentable organic matter (RfOM) intake, estimated from detailed knowledge of the chemical composition of diets according to INRA Feed Tables, appears as an accurate explanatory variable of measured total VFA-PR, with an average increment of 8.03 6 0.64 mol total VFA/kg RfOM intake. Similar results were obtained when total VFA-PR was estimated from measured apparent RfOM (total VFA-PR/RfOM averaging 8.3 6 1.2 mol/kg). The VFA molar percentages were related to dry matter intake and measured digestible organic matter (OM), digestible NDF and rumen starch digestibility, with root mean square error of 1.23, 1.45, 0.88 and 0.41 mol/100 mol total VFA for acetate, propionate, butyrate and minor VFA, respectively, with no effect of pH on the residuals. Stoichiometry coefficients were calculated from the slopes of the relationships between individual VFA production (estimated from measured apparent RfOM and individual VFA molar percentages) and measured fermented fractions. Coefficients averaged, respectively, 66, 17, 14 and 3 mol/100 mol for NDF; 41, 44, 12 and 4 mol/100 mol for starch; and 46, 35, 13 and 6 mol/100 mol for crude protein. Their use to predict VFA molar percentages appear relevant for most dietary conditions, that is, when the digested NDF/digested OM ratio exceeded 0.12. This study provides a quantitative review on VFA yield in the rumen. It contributes to the development of feed evaluation systems based on nutrient fluxes.

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“…Additionally, absorption rates of VFA across the rumen wall may have been increased at night due to a lower rumen fluid volume, resulting in a higher effective surface area for absorption (Dijkstra et al, 1993). Small increases in the VFA pool immediately after the beginning of grazing are expected due to a low efficiency of chewing during eating (Boudon et al, 2006;Acosta et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging behavior and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows grazing ryegrass pasture alone or with white clover

Filho

Peyraud

Delagarde

2012

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of pasture composition and regrowth age on the relationship between feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation in dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass with or without white clover. The experiment was carried out in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with two sward types and two ages of regrowth. Swards of perennial ryegrass sown alone (PRG) and of perennial ryegrass mixed with white clover (GC) were evaluated. Twelve late-lactation Holstein cows, fistulated at the rumen, were distributed in a 4x4 latin square experimental design with four 12-day periods. Daily distribution of grazing was similar in the PRG and the GC swards, but the concentration of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) was higher and the proportion of propionate was lower on mixed swards during the day. Daily distribution of grazing was similar in pastures of different ages. However, in the oldest swards, rumen fluid pH increased and VFA concentration decreased after evening milking. Time spent grazing does not influence ruminal fermentation, which depends on the changes that occur as different sward layers are grazed.Index terms: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, digestion, grazing, grazing time. Comportamento ingestivo e fermentação ruminal em vacas leiteiras em pasto de azevém com e sem trevo brancoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da composição do dossel do pasto e da idade de rebrota sobre as relações entre as atividades de ingestão e a fermentação ruminal em vacas leiteiras, em pasto de azevém perene com ou sem trevo branco. Doze vacas da raça Holandesa, em final de lactação, fistuladas no rúmen, foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental de quadrado latino 4x4, com quatro períodos de 12 dias, em arranjo fatorial 2x2, com dois tipos de pasto -azevém perene em cultivo solteiro (AZ) e de azevém perene consorciado com trevo branco (TB) -e duas idades de rebrota. A distribuição diária do pastejo foi semelhante nos pastos AZ e TB, mas a concentração ruminal de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) foi maior e a proporção de propionato foi menor nos pastos em associação, ao longo do dia. A distribuição das atividades de pastejo foi semelhante nos pastos com idades diferentes. Entretanto, nos pastos mais velhos, o pH ruminal aumentou e a concentração de AGV diminuiu após a ordenha da tarde. O tempo de pastejo tem pouca influência sobre a fermentação ruminal, a qual depende de alterações que ocorrem à medida que os diferentes estratos são pastejados.Termos para indexação: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, digestão, pastejo, tempo de pastejo.

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Absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of lactating dairy cows as influenced by volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and rumen liquid volume

Cited by 214 publications

References 23 publications

Relative contribution of ruminal buffering systems to pH regulation in feedlot cattle fed either low- or high-forage diets

Relative contribution of ruminal buffering systems to pH regulation in feedlot cattle fed either low- or high-forage diets

In vivo production and molar percentages of volatile fatty acids in the rumen: a quantitative review by an empirical approach

Foraging behavior and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows grazing ryegrass pasture alone or with white clover

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